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American Revolutionary War
-Begins with the battle at Lexington and Concord
-Ends with the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown -
Chisholm v. Georgia
-Jay, Rutledge and Ellsworth Court
-First significant Supreme Court Case
-Certified individual citizens' rights to go to court against states
-Followed by the passing of the Eleventh Amendment, which affirmed this right -
New York v. Connecticut
-Jay, Rutledge and Ellsworth Court
-First case in which the Supreme Court used its power of original jurisdiction to hear a case
-"Connecticut Gore" strip of land ruled to be part of New York, but CT court consulted on hearing of ejectment case
-Supreme Court recognizes a previous agreement from 1683 stating the legal rights of the land belong to NY -
Period: to
American Indian Wars
-Begins Indian War of the 19th Century with the Battle of Tippecanoe
-Ends Indian wars of the 19th Century with the Massacre at Wounded Knee -
Period: to
War of 1812
-Begins with US declaration of war on Great Britain
-Ends with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent -
McCulloch v. Maryland
-Marshall Court
-State of Maryland tries to tax charters of all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.
-Court states that this is a direct attempt to hinder the Second Bank of the United States, the only out-of-state bank in existence
-Court rules that the Constitution grants Congress implied powers to carry out the expressly stated powers, and that states cannot impede valid constitutional acts of the Federal government -
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
-Deemed Native American nations as dependentnations rather than part of the U.S.
-Marshall Court
-Cherokee Nation could not sue against Georgia for laws deliberately attacking and taking their land
-Resulted in the expulsion of the Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma by the Trail of Tears -
United States v. The Amistad
-Taney Court
-African slaves on ship La Amistad revolt against their Spanish captors but the ship is taken into custody on Long Island, NY
-Supreme Court rules that the slave ship violated the international slave trade laws and treaties. The slaves are considered free
-The slaves are sent back to Africa -
Period: to
Mexican American War
-Begins when Mexico declares a defensive war against the US for attempting to annex Texas
-Ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
-Taney Court
-Slave Dred Scott sues for his freedom after the death of his owner, claiming that because he lived in free land in the US he is a free man
-Supreme Court rules that Scott is not a citizen of the US and had not right to sue in federal court, and is therefore still considered property
-Enforces the ruling that the Federal government cannot abolish slavery in federal territories -
Period: to
Civil War
-Begins with Southern raid on US Military Fort Sumter
-Ends with General Robert E. Lee's surrender at the Appomattox Court House in Richmond, Virginia -
Ex Parte Milligan
-Chase Court
-One of first cases after end of Civil War
-Libdin Milligan and other southern civilians were planning to steal Union weapons
-Supreme Court ruled that the suspension of habeus corpus or trying civilians by military tribunal was unlawful while civilian courts were open -
Slaughterhouse Cases
-Chase Court
-First Supreme Court case interpretting the Fourteenth Amenmendment
-Government tries to consolidate slaughtering business in New Orleans to moniter the conditions or the workplace
-Butchers fight this by saying it is a monopoly and threatens their rights as citizens of Louisiana
-Supreme Court rules that privileges and immunities of citizenship of the US are protected by the 14th Amendment, not rights of citizenship of a state -
Wilkerson v. Utah
-Wiate Court
-US Supreme Court affirms Supreme Court of Utah's ruling that death penalty by firing squad is not crule and unusual punishment as defined in the Eighth Amendment -
Civil Rights Cases
-Waite Court
-Five different court cases in which African Americans sued because of racial discrimination by private hotels, theaters, and transportation companies
-Supreme Court ruled that Congress did not have the Constitutional authority to outlaw racial discrimination in private institutions
-Ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional -
Botiller v. Dominguez
-Fuller Court
-Dealt with the validity of the land gained by the US in the Mexican cession under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848
-Court ruled that no title to land in California from Spanish or Mexican land grants is valid unless confirmed by the board of land commisions within a certain period of time -
Nix v. Hedden
-Fuller Court
-Tarrif on all imported vegetables, but not fruit
-Brought to court over whether a tomato would be classified as a fruit or vegetable in order to determine whether the tarrif applied to to-may-ters
-The Supreme Court ruled that tomaters shall be classified as vegtables, heretofore not applying the scientific meaning which would actually classify it as a fruit -
Period: to
World War I
-Begins in Europe with assassination of AAustria-Hungary heri Archduke Fraz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip
-US involvement begins April 6, 1917 when US declares war on Germany
-Ends with signing of the Treaty of Versailles -
United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola
-White court
-Government filed a law suit against the Coca-Cola company in an attempt to force them to eliminate caffeine from their product
-Coca-Cola won the case
-resulted in the introduction of two bills, ammending the Pure Food and Drug Act by requiring caffeine to be listed on the label and adding it to the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances -
Schenck v. United States
-White Court
-Charles Schenck was publishing and distributing anti-draft pamphlets and argued that government opposition to this violated his right to the freedom of speech
-Court ruled that criticism of the draft (Selective Serive Act) was not protected under the First Amendment/freedom of speech -
Pierce v. Society of Sisters
-Taft Court
-Greatly expanded the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which legally requires states to respect all of a person's legal rights
-Precedent in over 100 Supreme Court cases, including Roe v. Wade and 70+ cases in the courts of appeals -
New Mexico v. Texas
-Taft Court
-New Mexico and Texas had agreed that their border would lie in the middle of the Rio Grande
-New Mexico believed that the river had changed its course and position since 1850, when they made the agreement
-Court decided that the New Mexican claim was incorrect, and that the border should remain in its current position -
Period: to
World War II
-Begins in Asia July 2, 1937 with Japanses invasion of China
-Begins in Europe Sept 1,1939 with the Nazi Germany invasion of Poland
-US involvement begins after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawai'i December 8,1941
-Ends in Europe May 7, 1945 when Germany surrenders to Allies
-Ends in Pacific when Japanese surrender September 2, 1945 -
New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co.
-Hughes Court
-Supreme Court rules that African American workers have the right to boycott and protest discriminatory hiring practices -
Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada
-Hughes Court
-All white University of Missouri refuses to admit lloyd Gaines, a black student
-Supreme Court Rules that if a state has an in-state all white school, it must also provide black students with an education through integrating or creating another school -
Lisenba v. California
-Stone Court
-Lisenba (Robert S. James) attempted to murder his wife with rattlesnakes, but failed
-His wife, Mary Busch was later fowned dead, drowned
-He confessed to murder after he was held for 24 hours, during which he was slapped, and refused sleep and food.
-However, he claimed that the confession was coerced
-Under the Court's ruling, the death penalty he received was upheld -
Prince v. Massachusetts
-Stone Court
-Sarah Prince sued the State of MAssachusetts after she was convicted for violating child labor laws by having her preach on the streets, sell magazines, and clean
-She argued that since she was her child, so she had authority over her, as well as claiming that the persecution violated her fourteenth amendment right to express her religion
-Court ruled that parental authority is not absolute, and that the government could restrict their authority if it is to protect the child -
Period: to
Cold War
-Begins with Communists seizing power in Poland
-"Ends" with the fall of the Soviet Union -
Woods v. Cloyd W. Miller Co.
-Vinson Court
-Congress passed a law limiting rents in NYC after the end of World War II to help control deficit of housing due to the return of veterans
-Supreme Court rules that the law is valid under the Necessary and Proper Clause and US Congress War powers extends past end of war to remedy problems the war caused -
Period: to
Korean War
-Begins with North Korean invasion of South Korea across 38th parallel
-Ends when North and South agree to set up DMZ and cease hostilities -
Frisbie v. Collins
-Vinson Court
-Suspect from Illinois sues authorities for being tried in Michigan after being adbucted by Michigan authorities
-Supreme Court rules that authorities have the right to kidnap or abduct suspects for trial and there is nothing in the Constitution that permits a guilty person to escape justice because he was brought to court against his will -
Roth v. United States
-Warren Court
-Common law before case was that any material that depraved or made corrupt the minds of others should be banned as obscene
-Samuel Roth is found guilty of spreading obscene material through the mail to promote the sale of a magazine; claims this violates his rights under First Amendment
-During the "free love" novement of the 60s
-Redefined the Constitutional definition of obscenity and said that it was not protected under the First Amendment -
Period: to
Vietnam War
-American involvement begins after the Gulf of Tonkin incident and resolution
-US involvement ends with Parris Peace Accords; South Vietnam surrenders to communist North April 30, 1975 -
Mora v. McNamara
-Warren Court
-Pvt. Dennis Mora, a conscientious objector, claims that the war in Vietnam is an illegal war of aggression
-Supreme Court states that only the Kellog-Briand Act passed after WWII is relevant in determining international law regarding wars -
Massachusetts v. Laird
-Burger Court
-Massachusetts challenged the constitutionality of the Vetnam War, and passed a law stating that no citizen of Massachusetts should be forced to serve in the military against a foreign frce unless Congress has declared war
-The Supreme court refused to hear the case -
Coates v. Cincinnati
-Burger Courty
-Cincinnati, Oh passed an ordinance that stated that it was unlawful for 3 or more people to assemble on a sidewalk and partake in actions that annoy passersby
-Coates appealed to the Court after being convicted for participating in a demonstration
-The Court ruled that this ordinance was unconstitutional -
Saint Francis College v. al-Khazraji
-Rehnquist Court
-Professor al-Khzraji at Sanit Francis College sues the college for racial discrimination due to his Arabian heritage
-Questioned whether Arabian people were protected from racial discrimination under 42 U.S.C. Section 1981
-Supreme Court ruled that Arabs should be protected from discrimination under the bill -
Period: to
Gulf War
-
City of Chicago v. Morales
-Rehnquist Court
Chicago police arrest Jesus Morales, a "possible gang-member," for refusing to leave the streets after the police ordered him to disperse
-Said he was violating the law by loitering
-Supreme Court rules that the law defining loitering is impermissibly vague and Morales could not be tried for not knowing the difference between illegal and innocent activity -
Period: to
Iraq War
-Begins with American invasion of Iraq without declaration of war
-Ends when Defense Secretary Leon Panetta declares the war officially over -
Hudson v. Michigan
-Roberts Court
-the "knock-and-announce" requirement of he Fourth Amendment states that police must knock, announce that they are there, and wait a reasonable amount of time before entering a residence
-Court held that evidence acquired in a search by police that do not uphold the "knock-and-announce" requirement does not need to be supressed -
Kimbrough v. United States
-Roberts Court
-Court determined that federal district judges can discress whether or not to sentence cases outside of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines involving actions related to possessing, distributing, and manufacturing of crack cocaine
