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Spreading his Knowledge
Stephen Toulmin began his higher learning at Cambridge University earning his Doctor of Philosophy in 1948. He then went on to educate others on his philosophical knowledge by teaching at Oxford, Brandeis University, Michigan State University, University of California, University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and the University of Southern California. -
The Philosophy of Science: An Introduction (1953)
In this book, Stephen looks at where science and philosophy cross paths and the wide range of topics the philosophy of science covers. In the book, he goes on to explain how he believes scientists should go about researching theories on a logical basis. Toulmin, Stephen Edelston. The Philosophy of Science: An Introduction. Hutchinson's University Library, 1953. -
The Uses of Argument(1958)
On January 2, 1958, Toulmin published his first book titled, The Uses of Argument (1958). In this book, Toulmin introduced an argumentation method, named the Toulmin model. According to this model, an argument can be broken down into six components: claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing. I have attached a short video further outlining the Toulmin Model. https://youtu.be/GWnEbMZ0IaA Toulim, Stephen Edelston. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge University Press, 1958. -
Human Understanding (1972)
In this book, Toulmin rejected Kuhn's views of conceptual change, and instead proposed a new model similar to Darwin's evolutionary model. He believed that conceptual change involves both innovation and selection. He proposed that the best concepts will pass the "forum of competitions". Toulmin, Stephen Edelston. Human Understanding. Princeton University Press, 1972. -
Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity (1990)
In this book, Toulmin looked back in the past at the origins of modernity begging in the Renaissance. He was looking for a new way to combine the theories of natural science and human science because he had believed that human sciences were being turned into theoretical disciplines.
Toulmin, Stephen Edelston. Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity. University of Chicago Press, 1990.
