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5000 BCE
EGYPT
In Egypt, societies were hierarchical, so education
it was reserved for the elites. The
Pharaoh, the nobles and priests.
They received the benefit of education, which spanned a
set of rules of conduct and civics, public speaking, writing and
physical education. And also the areas
specialized, such as engineering and astronomy. As for the rest of the Egyptians, their education was limited to
family bosom, teaching that was transmitted from parents to children. -
Period: 5000 BCE to 400
OLD AGE
In the specific case of the cultures of the Ancient East (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phenicia and Persia), the culture that most influenced Western cultures, Greece and Rome, was the Egyptian. This is why the history of ancient education tends to focus on Egyptian education, since some aspects of its culture and education were preserved in the Greco-Latin traditions, which we preserve today and help us understand the origins of our tradition. educational. -
1800 BCE
Greece
Greek society was strictly
hierarchical, so that education was exclusively for the elites. For the
ruling groups, in addition to the art of war and gymnastics, had a
political arts education. For free Greek men who don't
held government office, learned a variety of trades through
imitation. Finally, the lower classes, the slaves, did not receive
any kind of education. -
400
High Middle Ages
There were Germanic tribes with dialectical variants, although they all coincided in the same Germanic linguistic trunk.
Scholasticism was practiced in the universities, a branch of philosophy that sought, through reasoning, to reconcile the knowledge of the classics with the Bible.
The universalist spirit of Christianity transformed the history of education as, for the first time, institutions were seen as obligated to guarantee education for all. -
Period: 400 to 1500
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is also the era of feudalism, a mode of production characterized by serfdom.
The feudal and his serfs lived in fiefdoms, which were large, economically self-sufficient properties; they generated little surplus, so their trade was very little. -
1000
Low Middle Ages
A series of changes in education emerged: the importance of free teachers, the creation of universities, scholasticism and chivalric education. Teachers received voluntary contributions from students, as they had no salary.
In a society where moral values were the highest virtues, knights were expected to have their own moral codes, namely chivalric honor and dignity. Every gentleman must behave properly, in accordance with Christian virtues. -
1300
Humanism and Renaissance
It is known as humanism, since man is once again the center of thought reflection. It is known as Renaissance, because it is a time when the culture takes up the Greco-Latin tradition.
Regarding education, merchants began to pay private teachers to educate their children or themselves, which meant a great change in education.
Education becomes secular and in terms of instructional methods, continues in a master-apprentice style. -
1500
Reform
The importance of the Reformation for education and culture
European was of utmost importance, because in addition to promoting the importance
of reading, he emphasized that education should be for everyone. With
over time, a reformist ethic different from the papal church was formed. A
distinctive feature of the Reformation was the importance of work as a form
to get closer to God. -
Period: 1500 to
Modern age
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the religious wars of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation ravaged Europe. The corruption of the Vatican hindered the development of powers that were far from Rome.
At the end of the wars
religious, the Vatican lost power but maintained its control over the kingdoms
Catholics.
As a consequence, there was a separation of faith and knowledge in the political, social, economic and cultural spheres. -
1545
Counter Reformation
The Council of Tento, promoted the reorganization of schools to
prevent reformist expansion in countries that were still
mostly Catholic, such as Spain, France and Italy. In the schools
of the metropolitan churches, as well as those of the monasteries more
poor, the teaching of grammar, sacred texts and
theology. In addition, the bishops were in charge of controlling the
counter-reform of the schools, so that they acquired greater
relevance in Catholic countries -
Absolutism
By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the King became the
absolute mandatory of his kingdom. This power allowed him to build a state
centralized.
Where the King indicated what and who learned. -
Education in the 18th century
This new era of the diffusion of instruction to popular groups,
birth of the nursery school, the diffusion of textbooks,
the new schools for the training of teachers, marks a
macroscopic return to didactic research -
Illustration
It was characterized by secularization, by its struggle
against faith and superstitions and for their rationalism. Reason was put at the center.
Scientific associations emerged that
prompted the creation of inventions, such as the microscope,
telescope, precision watch, thermometer, etc.
For Rousseau, between 2 and 12
years, instruction had to be based on the education of the senses;
from 12 to 15 years, in intelligence education; while of
15 to 25, in the education of conscience. -
Period: to
Contemporary age
In the Contemporary Age, nation-states are consolidated, the
economic production is no longer local and globalization is achieved.
The Industrial Revolution in England, the
US Independence and the French Revolution.
education still
remained restricted to popular groups, an aspect that changed
notably when these required more complex instruction to
be able to perform better in industrial work. -
Education in the 19th century
One of the greatest educational innovations of the 19th century was
regulate the grading of education, from "kindergarten" or kindergarten
to university.
Froebel created a series of educational and didactic instruments
appropriate for your kindergarten or nursery school.
In addition, between secondary and university education arises the school
technical, which would specialize in some branch of the industrial sector. -
20th century education
At present, there are many pedagogical currents, such as associationism, functionalism, behaviorism, gestalsism,
operationalism, cogniscionism, structuralism, etc. All these streams
they have emanated from the relationship between psychology and pedagogy.
Corporal punishment disappeared in schools, the relationship
teacher-student changed and even the constitution of the
classrooms changed, organizing students into semicircles, teams, or a group.
