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Plessy v. Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. The case is from an 1892 in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Supreme Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and 14th Amendments (Rothman, 2016). -
Brown v. Topeka
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all (caselaw.findlaw, 2016). -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v Pennsylvania
In 1971, the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) sued the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for a state law that allowed public schools to deny education to certain children,The case was filed and settled by the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania . Court , declared several state laws unconstitutional, and required the state to evaluate and place "ALL" students including those with mental disabilities ages 6-21 in a proper publicly funded educational setting. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Mills believed the school board labeled students "exceptional" and denied admission to public schools with no alternative placement or periodic review of status. Students were allowed to attend defined as "all children who are or will be excluded, suspended, expelled or otherwise denied a publicly supported education for any period in excess of two days."Due to the school board's inability to achieve its requirements, a Court entered Summary Judgment for the Mills on August 1, 1972 -
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act
504 plan is a civil rights plan that prohibits discrimination of students with a disability in programs, and/or activities in a public or private setting that receive federal money. This plan is for anyone that has a anyone with a physical or mental impairment, has a record of an impairment, or a person “regarded” as having such impairment, much like ADA. -
Family Education Right to Privacy Act (FERPA)
FERPA is the right to privacy for a student including but not limited to information, grades. FERPA demands educators ONLY share students information to people on a "need to know" basis (law.cornell, n.d.). -
Public Law 94-142: (The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975)
This law required all states that accepted money from the federal government were required to provide equal access to education for children with disabilities, in addition to providing them with one free meal per day. States had the responsibility to ensure compliance under the law within all of their public school systems (law.cornell, n.d.). -
Rowley v. Board of Ed Hendrick Hudson Central School District
Amy Rowley was a deaf student. The Ed Hendrick Hudson Central School District refused to provide a sign language interpreter, because Amy was doing well in her classes. Amy's parents filed suit contending violation of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. in a 6-3 decision for Rowleys (law.cornell, n.d) . -
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
Supreme Court decided that a school district must provide catheterization. This case is the landmark case to make a distinction between medical services, and health services supplied by school. -
Burlington School Committee v. Department of Education
To ensure students receive a free appropriate public education in the least-restrictive environment. A boy needs were not being met with his current IEP so parents sent their child to another school at their own expense, as they thought it was the most appropriate education. -
Public Law 99-457
mandate a preschool program to serve children ages three through five, to establish a new Early Intervention State Grant Program for infants and toddlers from birth through age two, and to expand and improve various discretionary programs within the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) programs (Law.cornell, n.d.). -
Polk v. Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit 16
Free appropriate education for students in necessary even for those that can not walk, move arms. A student could not move his legs the school district did not want to pay for a full time professional physical therapist. -
Timothy W v. Rochester
Timothy, a child with multiple and severe disabilities, was denied a free and appropriate public education because the Rochester, N.H. school district deemed that Timothy was not “capable of benefiting” from education and therefore, was not entitled to district-supported services. -
Public Law 94-142
Education for All Handicapped Children Act. The ACt changed names to Individual with Disability Education Act. Traumatic brain injury and autism were added as new disability categories. Additionally, Congress mandated that as a part of a student’s IEP, an individual transition plan, or ITP, must be developed to help the student transition to post-secondary life (Law.cornell, n.d.). -
Laconia State School for the Developmentally Disabled closes.
The Laconia State Hospital, was a hospital in Laconia NH that treated the patients horrible. The hospital had overcrowding, poor conditions for clients and torture to the same clients. -
Springer v. Fairfax County School Board-
Springer's looked for financial reimbursement for the cost of attendance to a private school for their child during the 1994-1995 school year. -
The Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act becomes the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
President Clinton reauthorized IDEA with several key amendments that emphasized providing all students with access to the same curriculum, additionally, states were given the authority to expand the “developmental delay” definition from birth through five years of age to also include students between the ages of six and nine (Law.cornell, n.d). -
Neosho R-V School District v. Clark
Parents sought financially resources for having their child evaluated by doctors to show that the school district did not properly evaluate or follow their sons IEP. The court stated that the parents can receive compensation for lawyers, however they do not recoup cost for specialist. -
Amendments in IDEA 2004
Congress amended IDEA for early intervention for students, with improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. It also required states to demand that local school districts shift up to 15 percent of their special education funds toward general education if it were determined that a disproportionate number of students from minority groups were placed in special education for reasons other than disability (Law.cornell, n.d.). -
Mr. I v. Maine Adm District #55
A high honors students dropped to a honors student. The student suffered from depression and attempted suicide. The family was searching for an IEP for their daughter -
Claire Davis School Safety Act (C.R.S. 24-10-106.3)
This ACT allowed victims families to sue school districts for failer to provide adequate safety at school, or school sponsored events/outings. -
Sununu Youth Services Center
A 14 year old boy was injured due to improper management techniques used by staff. After further investigating many laws were broken by the Sununu Center and the employees (Feathers, 2018).
