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1931 BCE
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.
Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parlamentary system, first with the goverment of General Dámaso Berenguer and later with Admiral Aznar. However, the citizens' disapproval of the king's support for the dictadorship led to significant Republican victories in the 1931 mudual elections for several major cities. The king went into exile on 14 April 1931 and the Second Republic was declared. -
Period: 1931 BCE to 1936 BCE
Second Spanish Republic.
After rhe Second Republic was proclaimed, a provisional govement was formed, made up fo Republicans, socialists and nationalists who held electrions for the Constituent Cortes in June 1931.
The left-wing parties won a majority and drafted anew constitution. -
Period: 1923 BCE to 1930 BCE
Ditcatorship of Primo de Rivera.
Went throught two stages, which had two different goverments: The Military Directory(1923-1925). Suspended the constitution, discsolved the Cortes, prohibited political parties, suppressed the labour movement and defeated the Moroccans after the Alhucemas landing(1925).
The Civil Directory (1925-1930). The military victoy in Morocco and the economic boom of the 1920s helped Primo de Rivera maintain power until 1930. Primo de Rivera was forced to resign. -
Period: 1902 BCE to 1917 BCE
Reign of Alfonso XIII.
Alfonso XII acceded to the throne in 1902 in a politoical environment characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Castillo´s political system, the influence of regenerationism and the deaths of Cánovas (1897) and Sagasta (1903). When studying his reign, historians usually look a two stages, divided by the crisis of 1917. -
Period: 1885 BCE to 1902 BCE
Regency of Maria Christina.
After the death of Alfonso XII in 1885, the Restoration was maintained by the regency of Maria Christina (1885-1902) while her son, Alfonso XII, was stilln and child. -
Period: 1875 BCE to 1885 BCE
Reign Of Alfonso, XII.
IN 1875, the monarchy was restored thanks to Alfonso X. His reign lasted 10 years ,until the day of his death, of november 25, 1885. -
Manifiesto Sandhurts.
Through the political maneoeuvring of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, the leader of the future Conservative Party, which helped achive Queen Isabella ll's abdication in favour of her son Alfonso XII, the support of the bourgeoisie and the army, anxous for political stability. On 1 December 1874, Cánovas wrote a manifiesto, signed in Sandhurts, where he promised a constitutional goverment. -
PSOE was founded.
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) was founded by Pablo Iglesisas un 1879 and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during his period. -
Bases de Manresa.
Catalan nationalism demanded official status for the Catalan lenguage, the establishment of Catalan political paties and courts, and Catalan autonomy. In 1892, its proposals were declared in the Based de Manresa, written by Part de la Riba. -
Treaty of Paris(1898).
War erupted in the Pacific (the Philippines) and the Atlantic (Cuba and Puerto Ricio). In both conflicts,Spanish fleets were destroyed by the US. Spain was forced to sign the 1898 Treaty of Paris, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philipines. -
Tragic Week of 1909.
Spanish pccupation of its protectorate led to a war with the inhabitanta of the majority of whom were fathers. This set off violent protests in Barcelona, which became know as the Tragic Week of 1909. -
Disaster at Annual.
Abroad, Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War aganist Morocco in what was Known as the Disaster at Annual, resulting in 10000 deaths and widespreadpublic commotion, negatively influencing public opinion -
October Revolution of 1934.
The new goverment halted the majority of the previous reforms, which led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left- wing parties. CEDA then demanded positions in the goverment. This sparked the October Revolution of 1934, which was most intese in Austrias and Barcelona. -
Tragic Sring.
Political violence reached its peak in what was known as the Tragic Spring of 1936, consisting of a wave of attacks and street violence between staunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists. -
Period: to
Sapnish Civil War.
The coup d'etat began in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta on 17 July 1936. The next day it Spread throughout Spain, having success in rural areas, yet failing in the more industrialised urban areas. The country was divided into two zones, the Republican zone and the 'Nationalist' zone, and the military coup turned into a long Civil War. -
Bombing of Gernika.
The war then moved to the Cantabrian Coast and involve harsh battles, as reflected by the bombing of Gernika by the German air force's Condor Legion on April 1937. -
End of Civil War.
The war then moved to the Mediterranean, where the insurgents intended to divide the Republicans zone in two. To prevent this from happening, the Republican launched and offensive known as the 'Battle of the Ebro' in 1938 that led to many casualties on both sides. The insurgents advanced, took Catalonia in 1939 and entered Madrid with no resistance. The Civil War ended on 1 April 1939
