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Sandhurst Manifiesto
Canovas wrote a manifiesto, signed in Sandhurst, where he promised a constitutional government. -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
In 1875 the monarchy was restored under Alfonso XII of Bourbon, son of Isabel II. In december 1874, in Sagunto, Alfonso XII was proclaimed King. -
PSOE is founded
Was founded by Pablo Iglesias and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during the period -
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Reign of Maria Christina
After the death of Alfonso XII in 1885, the restoration was maintained by the regency of Maria Christina, while her son, Alfonso XIII, was still a child -
Bases de Manresa
Catalan nationalism demanded oficial status for the Catalan language, the establishment of Catalan political parties and courts, and catalan autonomy. In 1892, its proposals were declared in the Bases de Manresa, written by Prat de la Riba -
Teatry of Paris
War erupted in the Pacific (the Philippines) and the Atlantic (Cuba and Puerto Rico) in both cpnflicts Spanish fletes were destroyed by the US, Spain was forced to sign the 1898 teatry of Paris, where they recognised the Independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines -
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Reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in 1902 in a political environment characterised by the crisis of Canovas del Castillo´s political system, the influence of regenerationism and the death of Canovas and Sagasta. In 1930, Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parlamentary system, However the citizens´ dissaproval of the king´s support for the dictatorship led to sifnificant Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections for several major cities, the King went into exile on 14 april 1931 -
Tragic week of 1909
Spanish occupation of its protectorate led to a war with the onhabitants of the Rif: a war that in 1909 required reservists to be called up, the majority of whom were fathers. This set off violent protests in Barcelona, wich became known as the tragic week of 1909. -
Disaster at Annual
Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against Morocco in what was known as the Disaster at Annual, resulting 10000 deaths widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinion -
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Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
went through two stages, wich had two different governments:
The military Directory (1923-1925) : Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution, disolved the Cortes, prohibited political parties, supressed the lavour movement and defeated the Moroccans after the Alhucemas landing (1925)
The civil directory (1925-1930): the military victory in Morocco and the economic boom of 1920s helped Primo de Rivera mantain power until 1930, in January of 1930, he was forced to resign -
Proclamation of the second Spanish Republic
Alfonso XIII tried to go back the parliamentary sistema, first woth the government of General Dámaso Berenguer and later with Admiral Aznar, however, the citizen´s dissapproval of the king´s support for the dictatorship led to significant Republican victories in 1931 municipal elections for several major cities. the King went into exile on 14 april 1931 and the second republic was declarated. -
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The second Spanish Republic
After the second republic was proclaimed, a provisional government was formed, made up of Republicans, socialists and nationalists who held elections of Constituent Cortes in June 1931
the left-wing parties won a majority and drafted a new constitution -
October Revolution
The new government halted the majority of the previus reforms, wich led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left-wing parties, CEDA then demanded positions in the government. this sparked the October Revolution of 1934, wich was the most intense in Asturias and Barcelona. -
Tragic Spring
Consisting of a wave of attacks and Street violence between staunch falangist, communist and anarchists activists -
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Spanish Civil war
It was a warlike conflicto, wich later would also have repercussions in an economic crisis that started in Spain after the partial failure of the coup d' etat in 1936, carried out by a part of the armed forces against the goverment of the Second Republic. After the blockade of Strait and the subsequent airlift that, thanks to the rapid collaboration of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, transferred the rebel tropos to peninsular Spain, in the last weeks of July, began a civil war. -
Bombing of Gernika
The war then moved to the Cantabrian Coast and involved harsh battles, as reflected by the bombing of Gernika, by the German air force´s Condor Legión, the German air forcé enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas. -
End of Civil War
The war caused more tan 380 000 deaths, and 350 000 political exiles, it destroyed industries, transport, buildings, and infraestructures. It led to the triumph of the most conservative social groups and the Church, wich supported the Insurgents, it also led to a cultural impoverishment, due to the exile of many artists and intellectuals. Franco imposed a dictatorial political system
