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Sandhurst Manifesto
Was a manifesto that wrote Cánovas and signed in Sandhurst, on 1 December 1874, where Alfonso XII promised a constitutional government -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
In 1875 the monarchy was restored under Alfonso XII of Bourbon, son of Isabella II. -
PSOE is founded
PSOE is the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and was founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879 and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during this period. -
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regency of María Christina
After the death of Alfonso XII in 1885, the Restoration was maintained by Maria Christina while her son, Alfonso XIII, was still a child -
Bases de Manresa
The Bases of Manresa are where Prat de la Riba wrote all the proposals of the catalan nationalism. It demanded the officiqal status for the Catalan language, the establishment of Catalan political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy. -
Teatry of Paris
Was the teatry that Spain sign in 1898, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. -
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reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in 1902 in a political environment characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Castillo's political system, the influence of regenerationism and the deaths of Cánovas (1897) and Sagasta (1903). His reign was had two stages, divided by the crisis of 1917 -
Tragic week of 1909
Was a set of violent protests in Barcelona due to Spanish occupation of its protectorate led to a war with inhabitants pf the Rif; a war taht in 1909 required reservists to be called up, the majority of whom were fathers. -
Disaster of Annual
Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War aganist Morocco , resulting in 10000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinion. -
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dicatorship of Primo de Rivera
This dictatorship went through two stages.
The Military Directory(1923-1925). In this period he suspended the constitution, dissolved the Cortes, prohibited political parties, suppressed the labour movement and defeated the Moroccans.
The Civil Directory(1925-1930).The military victory in Morocco and the economic boom of the 1920s helped him to maintain power until 1930 when he was forced to resign due to the 1929 economic crisis and other social factors. -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
Alfonso XII tried to go back to the parlamentary system, first with the government of General Dámaso Berenguer and later with Admiral Aznar. However, the citizens' disapproval of the king's support for the dictatotship led to the significant Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections for several major cities. The king went to the exile on 14 April 1931 and the Second Republic was declared. -
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Second Spanish Republic
After the Second Republic was proclaimed, a provisional government was formed, made up of Republicans, socialist and nationalists who held elections for the Constituent Cortes in June 1931. The left-wing parties won a majority and drafted a new constitution. -
October Revolution
The spark that set off this revolution was that the new government halted thye majority of the previous reforms, which led to an increase in stikes and more actions by left-wing parties. CEDA then demanded posotions in the governments. The cities where it occurred with the most intensity were Asturias and Barcelona. -
Tragic Spring
Consisted of a wave of attacks and street violence between staunch falagist, communist and anarchist activists -
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Spanish Civil War
The coup d´état began in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta on 17 July 1936. The next day it spread throughout Spain, having sucess in rural areas, yet failing in the more indrustrialised urban areas. The country was divided into two zones, the Republican zone and the 'Nationalist' zone, and the military coup turned into a long Civil War. -
bombing of Gernika
The war then moved to the Cantabrian coast and involved harsh battles, as reflected by this bombing by the German air force's Condor Legion on 26 April 1937. The German air force enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas. -
end of the Civil War
The 'Battle of Ebro' in 1938 led to many casualties on both sides. The insurgents advanced, took Catalonia in 1939 and entered Madrid with no resistance. That was the final of the civil war.
