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Fall of Siad Barre's government
After Somalia lost the Ogaden War in March 1978, the president's popularity with Somalis plummeted and widespread discontent among his generals led to an attempted coup d'état on the 10th of April 1978. -
United Somali Congress topples Barre
In the northwest, at the Burao conference of April–May 1991, the SNM declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960. In 1992, after four months of heavy fighting for control, a ceasefire was agreed between Ali Mahdi Mohamed and Mohamed Farah Aideed.A 'greenline' was established between east and west that dividing the areas of control. -
United Nations Intervention
UN Security Council Resolution 733 and UN Security Council Resolution 746 led to the creation of the United Nations Operation in Somalia I. United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 was unanimously passed on December 3, 1992. The Unified Task Force, the alliance was tasked with assuring security until humanitarian efforts aimed at stabilizing the situation were transferred to the UN. In 1993, the UN peacekeeping coalition started the two-year United Nations Operation in Somalia II. -
USC/ SSA
After UNOSOM II's departure in March 1995, military clashes between local factions became shorter, generally less intense, and more localized, in part due to the large-scale UN military intervention that had helped to curb the intense fighting between the major factions, who then began to focus on consolidating gains that they had made.
Aidid subsequently declared himself President of Somalia on June 15, 1995. -
TFG, Islamic Courts Union, and Ethiopia
Following their defeat, the Islamic Courts Union splintered into several different factions. Some of the more radical elements, including Al-Shabaab, regrouped to continue their insurgency against the TFG and oppose the Ethiopian military's presence in Somalia.Ethiopian leaders were surprised by the insurgency's persistence and strength. ByJanuary 2009, Al-Shabaab and other militias had forced the Ethiopian troops to retreat, leaving behind an understaffed African Union peacekeeping force. -
Coalition Government
As a truce, in March 2009, Somalia's coalition government announced that it would re-implement shari'a as the nation's official judicial system. However, conflict continued in the southern and central parts of the country. Within months, the coalition government had gone from holding about 70% of south-central Somalia's conflict zones, territory which it had inherited from the previous Yusuf administration, to losing control of over 80% of the disputed territory to the Islamist insurgents. -
Hasan Sheikh Mohamud back in power
Somali legislators have elected former leader Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the country’s next president, following a long-overdue election on Sunday in the troubled Horn of Africa nation.