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monarch rules but noble families gained power. via land in exchange for loyalty, tax money, military support
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nobles force king john, who was treating them terribly to sign a document
-limited power of monarch- no one could be above the law
- everyone would get equal treatment under the law
- trial by ones peers -
The next king develops a group that represents common people- Parliament
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-1st representatives assembly/legislature in english colonies
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-established direct democracy
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-1st written constitution in America
-assembly of elected reps from each town to make laws
-popular election of governor and judges -
1683 Pennsylvania Frame of government and 1701 PA charter of Privileges
-establish basis of US constitution and bill of rights
*Colonists believed egalitarianism- equality part of this was the belief that colonist had al traditional rights of native english people -
Parliament removes King James III and replaces him with his daughter Mary and her husband William
-From this time on no ruler would have our power then parliament -
- further restricted monarchs power - guaranteed free elections and parliament - right to a fair trial - eliminated cruel and unusual punishments
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-accept common laws
-no ruler is above the law
-should have basic rights protected and a voice in government -
13 English colonies were established
-each colony has a governor elected by the colonist or appointed by the king
-each had a legislature with representatives elected by free adult males -
colonist are not feeling they had rights of native english people because of taxes and limitations placed they had been self- sufficient, representatives gov't for 100 yrs+ and the colonist said not turning back or stopping now- we'll have to fight for independence
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-people are born free equal and independent
-born with natural right to life liberty and property that no government could take away freedom
-government must maintain social contact
-people give up part of their freedom in exchange for protection of not right -
-1st discussion of colonies for union against british gov't
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-divide branches of government into different parts to balance each other out so no won can become too strong
* Locke and Montesquieu mens ideas are cornerstones of the declaration of the independence and constitution -
-can't live on the land west of the appalachian mountains so as not stir up native americans
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-tax on all paper goods
1765 quartering act
-colonist must provide barracks and supplies to british troops
1766-day stamp act repeated, established decelerate act- parliament has the right to tax and make decisions for american colonies in all cases -
-allowed british gov't customs officers to enter anywhere suspected of smuggling( because many colonist were doing this because of taxes and boycotting)
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British could ship tea to the colonies without a tax making it cheaper to buy than colonial tea
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first continental congress- write to king gorge III- we demand you restore our rights as British citizens
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1st battle of american revolution
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2nd Continental congress meets
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moved many undecided colonist toward the belief that independence was the only course of action
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-list of complaints against king
-beliefs about ind. rights
pulled from ideas of Locke and Montesquieu -
-wrote the social contract
-people alone have the right to determine how they should be governed -
-Locke and Montesquieu were enlightenment thinkers
-believed God had created an orderly universe
-the laws of the universe could be discovered through the use of human reason
-laws that governed nature also applied to human life and society