Social, political, and economic consequences of the Civil War on the southern U.S. after the surrender
-
Andrew Johnson's presidency - Plans for the reconstruction
Supported the abolition of slavery - to comply with 13th Amendment to the Constitution.
Southern states - made to swear loyalty to the Union, to pay off war debt, but were free to choose how to reorganise themselves. -
Memphis riots
Political, social, and racial disagreements caused violent altercations. -
The Freedmen's Spelling Book
Fredmen Bureau established.
Started organizing schools and universities for African Americans. African American teachers were also trained.
Poverty still relegated eduction in rural areas. -
Period: to
Religion
As the colored communities gained freedom, they started forming their own churches (especially Baptists and Methodists).
Ministers gained political representation and education benefits. -
Period: to
Taxation and public spending
Emancipation gave rise to the development of a more equitable tax legislation, though it was not an easy task. There was much corruption. Yet, taxes were meant for building schools, hospitals, and for improving infrastructure. -
Period: to
Restructuring the economy
Because of emancipation, land owners/slaveholders lost capital.
Sharecropping began- ideally, laborers worked the land in return for a fraction of what they produced.
Landowners/tenants exploited workers, poverty prevailed. -
New Orleans massacre
Colored people attacked and murdered.
Exposed social hatred. -
Johnson's impeachment attempt
Charges - not passed by one vote. -
Period: to
Ku Klux Klan
Innumerable murders of republicans and freedmen -
Period: to
Reconstruction Acts
Pursued universal men suffrage.
14th Amendment - African Americans granted citinzenship, and equal civil and legal rights. -
Ulysses Grant's presidency
Supported the reconstruction and was in favor of the Enforcement Acts protecting African Americans. -
15th Amendment
Guaranteed everybody's rigth to vote. -
Civil Rights Act
African Americans guaranteed equal treatment in public transportation and public accommodations and service on juries. -
Rutherford B. Hayes presidency
His period ended the reconstruction.
