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Horace Mann
First appointed secretary of education.
“No one did more to convince the American people that education should be universal, nonsectarian, and free, and its aim should be social efficiency, civic virtue, and character building.”
Father of American Education
Publicly supported and controlled common school that would be open to all students. This general availability of education changed the face as we know it.
A person who had a huge effect on overall beliefs about American education. -
Child-centered education approach – late 1800s
Happened in the late 1800's. Psychology and the look at human behavior enabled them to put students instead of subjects as the teachers focus.
Adopted from the European way of education.
Young children should be educated in kind and natural ways and learning through play. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Allowing African American students to enroll in public schools previously educating only white children. Segregated schools were not equal and couldn’t be made equal. “Separate but equal” was outlawed. Education as found to be the most important state and local government function towards future citizens by preparing children to be good citizens in this society.
First step toward an accessible American education. -
PL 94-142
This gave children with disabilities ability to ensure their basic education rights. The following requirements were stated:
free and appropriate public education
an individualized education program
special education services
Related services
Least restrictive learning environment Integration to into general education classrooms.
Free and appropriate public education - basic floor of opportunity. Protected schools from having to pay for unequal measures for one student. -
No Child Left Behind
The first federal attempt to hold schools and those assessing the function of schools-states, districts, and schools. A focus put on state-wide assessment scores as a way to ensure students are reaching a minimum and make sure populations in schools (minorities, students with disabilities) are still being taught and reached.
It also required schools to guarantee highly qualified teachers. Outcomes could lead to enrollment being sent to “successful schools;” school districts forced restructure.
