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The 19th century begining
Rise of Nationalism: The early 19th century saw the emergence of nationalism as a powerful political and cultural force, leading to the unification of various states and the formation of nation-states across Europe. -
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Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815): A series of conflicts fought between France, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, and various European coalitions. These wars reshaped the political landscape of Europe. -
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The Spanish War of Independence
The Spanish War of Independence was a military conflict that occurred between 1808 and 1814 within the context of the Napoleonic Wars, which pitted the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against Napoleon Bonaparte, whose intention was, after the abdications of Bayona, the one to install on the throne... -
Dos the Mayo Rebellion
Dos the Mayo Rebellion (2 Mat 1808) occurred in Madrid, Spain, during the Peninsular War against Napoleon's occupation. People from Madrid complained by the news of the abdication of King Charles IV and the installation of Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, as the new King of Spain. The people of Madrid, angered by French occupation and the threat to their sovereignty, took to the streets in protest. -
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Charles Darwin: (1809–1882)
Darwin is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin published his famous book, called On the Origin of Species. The Origin of Species begins with chapters on variation under domestication, variation in nature and the struggle for existence, and natural selection. -
The constitution of Cadiz
The Constitution of Cádiz, approved on March 19, 1812, the festival of San José, known for this reason as La Pepa, is the first properly Spanish Constitution, since the Statute of Bayonne of 1808 was still a “Granted Charter” marked by the Napoleonic seal. -
Publication of Charles Darwin's
Publication of Charles Darwin's "The Descent of Man" (1871): Darwin's work explored the evolutionary origins of humans and their cultural behaviors, influencing the study of anthropology and sociology. -
Invention of the light bulb
On January 27, 1880, Thomas Edison received the historic patent embodying the principles of his incandescent lamp that paved the way for the universal domestic use of electric light. -
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Modernism movement
Modernism is a philosophical, religious, and art movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, and social organization which reflected the newly emerging industrial world. -
The end of the 19th century
Spanish-American War (1898): This conflict between Spain and the United States was a turning point for both countries. The war resulted in the end of Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and marked the emergence of the United States as a global power.