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Andrew Jackson defeats the Red Sticks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
United States forces with Indian allies defeat this Creek tribe that were inspired by Tecumseh, the Shawnee leader. This event ended the Creek Wars. -
Mississippi becomes the 20th state
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Sale of Florida
Transcontinental Treaty was signed giving the US Florida and decided the southwestern border between the United States and Spain. -
Alabama becomes the 22nd state
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Texas Revolution Begins
Photo is the Mexican president, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna -
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Texas Revolution
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Battle of the Alamo
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Texans declare independence
Texans declare independence from Mexico and form the Republic of Texas. -
Battle of San Jacinto - end of Texas Revolution
Sam Houston, leader of the Texas army, encouraged the Texans, "...soldiers, remember the Alamo! the Alamo! the Alamo! Victory is certain!" Houston becomes the elected president of Texas and Santa Anna withdraws his troops south of the Rio Grande. -
Osceola's Capture
This great leader was captured when he arrived for truce negotiations! This became a national uproar. -
Seminoles' Defeat
They call themselves the "Unconquered People", because they never surrendered to the United States.
After this defeat, during the Second Seminole War, many were sent to reservations in the west. -
Florida becomes the 27th state
It had to wait 5 years for a free state (Iowa) to be admitted at the same time to keep the balance between free states and slave states. -
Texas Annexation
President Polk encouraged Congress to approve it with a vote which was not usually done. Borders were still under debate and Mexico and the United States disagreed on the location of the Texas border. -
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Mexican-American War
This war began when President Polk sent troops led by General Zachary Taylor into the area between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River. -
Congress declares war on Mexico
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Bear Flag Revolt
American settlers in Sonoma, California revolted against Mexico, declared themselves a republic and raised a homemade flag.
California was its own republic for less than a month! -
Battle of Buena Vista
The United States won this battle. Santa Ana had retreated because of problems elsewhere in Mexico that he had to attend to. -
General Scott captured Mexico City
The Mexican army did not expect Scott to come in through any other way than the main road. They were unprepared.
US losses: 400
Mexican: 1,000 and 3,000 were taken prisoner -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The United States gained much of the land that is now Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado & Wyoming. Mexico lost 55% of its pre-war territory and $15 million ($370 million today).
Mexico calls this the War of North American Invasion. -
Gadsden Purchase
Added an area of land in Arizona & New Mexico that the United States wanted for the construction of a transcontinental railroad. It is named for James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time.
