-
European Exploration was an age, lasting from the early 15th century to the early 17th century, in which European ships were traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners. It was during this period, that Europe discovered new lands that were previously unknown to them.
-
Cape Bojador is a point in modern-day-West Sahara that was considered impossible to pass for European Explorers. Prince Henry's Expedition finally passed the point, after 14 attempts, in 1434.
-
The printing press was one of the most important inventions in history, as it allowed for the transfer of information to become exponentially quicker. The first major book printed in his new invention is known as the "Gutenberg Bible."
-
The Renaissance was a period in European history, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.
-
In 1455, Johannes Gutenberg used his invention, the printing press, to print the world's first ever printed book: a Latin Bible.
-
Christopher Columbus had intended to find an alternate nautical route to India, by going East instead of West. Instead, he landed in America, under the impression that he had landed in India.
-
The Last Supper was a painting, done by Leonardo da Vinci in 1498, that depicts Jesus Christ and his disciples during the Last Supper. It is one of the most recognizable works of art in the world.
-
The Mona Lisa is a painting, done by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503, and is one of the most valuable works of art in the world, today. The style that was used, tilting the subjects face slightly to give it depth, was a concept that began in the Renaissance and it displayed perfectly in the painting.
-
One of Michaelangelo's masterpieces, the David, is a statue of David, from the Bible, and was completed in 1504.
-
"In Praise of Folly" is an essay written in Latin in 1509 by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam and first printed in June 1511. It is a critique of superstitions and other traditions of European society as well as on the western Church. It is considered one of the most important works of the Renaissance.
-
Michael Angelo was a painter, sculptor, and architect that influenced western art during the renaissance tremendously. He began painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling in 1508 and finished in 1512. It is one of his most famous and most impressive works.
-
The Reformation was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe.
-
Martin Luther was one of the most important figures in the Protestant Reformation. According to legend, he nailed his work "95 Theses" against a church door, which contained complaints against the Catholic Church.
-
Hernan Cortez led a conquest that ultimately toppled the Aztec Empire.
-
On January 3, 1521, Pope Leo X issues the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, which excommunicates Martin Luther from the Catholic Church.
-
While Ferdinand Magellan himself was killed during the expedition, his fleet, 3 years after departing from Spain, successfully circumnavigated the globe for the first time in history.
-
Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.
-
King Henry succeeded from the Roman Catholic Church because the Pope refused to give him permission to have a divorce with his wife. Henry then founded his own church, the Church of England, as a part of the Protestant Movement. The Church of England went on to become the official state church of England.
-
Jacques Cartier was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France.
-
Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire.
-
John Calvin was a French-Swiss figure of the Protestant Reformation and is regarded as one of the most important figures of the movement. His book "Institutes of the Christian Religion" was published in Latin in 1536. The book was an attempt to standardize the ideas of the Protestant movement.
-
The Society of Jesus, founded in Paris, France by St. Ignatius of Loyola, was a religious order that worked as missionaries for the pope and took harsh vows like humility, starvation, and celebecy.
-
Copernicus Publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, which caused a break through in astronomy.
-
The Scientific Revolution was a period in which advances in math, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry began to become, what we see now as, modern science. It lasted from the mid-1500s to the late-1600s.
-
The Age of Absolutism was a period after Exploration, which provided European nations extreme amounts of wealth, that strengthened their kings into absolute monarchs.
-
Queen Elizabeth I made the Church of England the official church in England after her father, Henry VIII, created the relgiion and she took power as queen.
-
In 1580, Sir Francis Drake successfully circumnavigated the globe for the first time in history since Magellan's fleet.
-
The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from La Coruña to England in early summer 1588. They were defeated with Queen Elizabeth I in power and Sir Francis Drake as 2nd in command
-
Hamlet was a tragedy written by William Shakespear, in 1599 about the Prince of Denmark. It is one of William Shakespear's most famous plays.
-
Romeo and Juliet was a tragedy written by William Shakespear, about a boy and a girl in love. Along with Hamlet, it is one of Shakespear's most frequently performed plays. It is also one of the most well recognized plays in the world.
-
Don Quixote, the novel, is published by Spanish author, Miguel de Cervantes
-
Galileo refined/invented the concept of a telescope.
-
Johannes Kepler creates the Laws of Planetary Motion, which are still used today.
-
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, over Catholicism vs Protestantism.
-
From 1625 - 1649 Charles I ruled the 3 kingdoms untill his execution
-
De Motu Cordis established the movement of human blood and is still used today.
-
The English Civil War consisted of conflicts and political disputes between Parliamentarians and Royalists over, the manner of England's government.
-
Louis XIV became king at the age of 6. He reigned until 1715.
-
Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan, which was a principle work of the enlightenment movement.
-
Oliver Cromwell's Reign lasted from 1653-1658
-
King Charles II Reigned from 1660 - 1685 until his death
-
Peter the Great became Tsar of Russia from 1672 - 1725.
-
Louis XIV uses transforms his father's hunting cabin into a palce.
-
The Enlightenment was a European intellectual movement, that concerned such subjects like God, nature, liberty, reason, and humanism. It lasted from 1685-1815.
-
Sir Isaac Newton creates the 3 Laws of Motion, which are still used today.
-
The Glorious Revolution referrs to the nonviolent transfer of power between King James II of England, and William and Mary.
-
John Locke publishes his book "Two Treatises of Government," one of the most significant works from the enlightenment movement.
-
The Throne of England is passed non-violently to King James' daughter, Mary, and her husbad William of Orange.
-
Fredrick the Great became the leader of Prussia. He ruled until 1786.
-
Lasting from 1740 to 1748 War of Austrian Succession, Frederick the great fought Austria to gain more land.
-
Baron de Montesquieu publishes the Spirit of the Laws, a major work from the enlightenment movement.
-
Voltaire publishes Candide, a major work from the enlightenment movement.
-
Jean-Jacques Rousseau publishes the Social Contract, which was a significant work from the Enlightenment movement.
-
The King and Queen are executed in France, marking the beginning of the Reign of Terror by Robespierre.
-
The French Revolution was a movement that lasted from 1789-1799 in France. It overthrew the monarchy and established a republic.
-
Napoleon is exiled for the second time, this time to a remote island in the atlantic.
-
Eugene Delacroix paints "Liberty Leading the People," which depicts Lady Liberty leading the French Revolution
