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Period: 1300 to
The Renaissance
It was an artistic and philosophical movement that began in Italy. New emphasis on the power of human reason. -
1394
Prince Henry of Portugal
Born in 1394. In 1418 he came upon Madeira Islands and est. colony at Porto Santo. Traveled as far as the Rio de Oro by 1436. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg
Invented new printing press around 1440 -
1491
King Henry VIII
Became king of England in 1491. Resented the pop for not allowing his divorce. Formed Anglican Church and was the head of the church rather than a pope. He also took away all land from Catholic Church in England. -
1492
Christopher Columbus
Arrived in San Salvador in Bahamas 1492 and explored for Spain. -
1497
Vasco da Gama
1st to sail around Africa to India: 1497 -
Period: 1500 to
European Exploration
Spain takes lots of bullion from New World but suffers economic problems(inflation)& no productivity, along with growing population. Columbian Exchange takes place and Triangular trade happens. -
1501
Michelangelo
Creates statue David 1501-1504 -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci
Creates Mona Lisa 1503- 1504 -
1509
Desiderius Erasmus
Wrote “The Praise of Folly” 1509 -
1517
Martin Luther
Believed faith saves people, not good works. Said ultimate authority over Christians was the Bible and that nobody was more important in God's eye. He nails 95 Theses on church door; pope excommunicates him. Goes into hiding and copies New Test. into German. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
Church was selling indulgences,
1610 During Ref. Louis XIII becomes king(8 yrs old), Church has Absolute power & wealth -
1519
Ferdinand Magellan
1st to circumnavigate globe: 1519 -
1521
Hernan Cortes
Defeated the Aztecs: 1521. He claimed significant portions of Mexico for the Spanish Empire. -
1531
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Incas: 1531. In 1532, Pizarro and his brothers conquered Peru. -
1534
St. Ignatius de Loyola
Founded the Jesuits 1534 -
1534
Jacques Cartier
Claimed Canada; including Quebec: 1534. Explorer for France -
1534
Scientific Revolution
This was an era of curiosity, questioning ancient beliefs, conducting experiments, and new tools: such as scientific instruments. -
1536
John Calvin
Believed in predestination(god knew would go where after death.) 1536-published landmark text institutes of christian religion; attempt to standardize theories of protestantism. -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Developed the theory of the Sun being the center: Heliocentric -
1558
Elizabeth I
Became queen of England in 1558. Elizabeth was King Henry's VIII daughter and the one to combine Catholic style & Protestant teachings to the Anglican Church. She also made the Anglican church and official state church. -
1577
Francis Drake
2nd to sail around world:: 1577 -
William Shakespeare
Wrote plays, Writes Romeo and Juliet 1597 -
Huguenots Freedom
In 1598 King Henry IV gives Hug. religious freedom(Edict of Nantes). -
Period: to
Absolute Monarchs
Idea of Divine Right: God had chosen him to rule the nation.Development of rights in England: Common Law, Magna Carta, and English Bill of Rights. Leads to English Civil War, The Restoration, and Glorious Revolution. -
Period: to
Changes 16th-18th Centuries
Technologies
Forms of Art
New forms of literature
New form of writing called "novel"
New Music -
Miguel de Cervantes
Wrote the story Don Quixote -
Johannes Kepler
Published laws of Planetary motion, Proved Heliocentric model correct. -
Galileo Galilei
Discovered new moons of Jupiter, new telescope and Saturn’s rings. -
William Harvey
Used laboratory experiments. Studied circulation of blood, observed human heat. -
Period: to
English Civil War
Constitutional Monarchs: had limits on their power
Magna Carta: Creates Rule of Law and King can’t tax without consent of nobles
Parliament: controls taxes, Prime Minister head of parliament and kings top advisor
Common Law: Right to Jury and other rights (property, speech, and press) -
Charles I
Wanted to rule by divine right but nobles would not let him. Leads troops to arrest them and the start of the English Civil War started.
Was defeated and executed in public, his family fled the country. -
The Enlightenment
Influenced by modern science and religious conflict coming from Reformation.
It was an Intellectual movement.
Philosophers emphasized the right of self expression and human fulfillment.
The Enlightenment paved the way for the American and French Revolution. -
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote Leviathan in 1651.
Believed all humans were wicked.
Government were created to protect people from themselves.
Figured an absolute monarch would be best. -
Oliver Cromwell
Lead the forces of Parliament against Charles I. Later on, became dictator of England and Parliament couldn’t do anything since he had an army at his command. -
Charles II
After Cromwell’s death, Parliament came and ask Charles son Charles II to become king to restore the throne. At that moment is became as the Restoration, monarchy restored. -
Louis XIV
Took power from the nobles, but tried to make France a great place so they would remember the person who boosted the country. Built the Palace of Versailles -
Isaac Newton
Discovered Laws of gravity and the 3 laws of motion. -
Peter The Great
Still in the Medieval time, tried to bring Russia to modern society ways by making major changes but none of the changes were permanent. -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
Parliament was so desperate to get rid of James II that they asked Mary and her husband, William of Orange to replace James II on the throne. No blood was shed in the turning over of power. Parliament is granted a lot more power by both William and Mary. William and Mary grant the people an English Bill of Rights -
William and Mary
Granted the people an English Bill of Rights (February 1689). Was handed their power by parliament without blood shed. -
John Locke
Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1689).
Believed that people had the gift of reason.
Came up with the natural rights; life, liberty, and property. -
Frederick the Great
Made his country a Military society and keep his country safe and won many wars against opposing countries. -
Montesquieu
Wrote the Spirit of Laws (1748).
Said the best form of government had separation of powers.
Believed England had best government.
Responsible for coming up with checks and balance. -
Voltaire
Wrote the Candide (January 15, 1759).
Felt that religious toleration should win over religious fanaticism.
Believed in the separation of church and state.
He wrote against Prejudice, Superstition, and Intolerance. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Wrote the Social Contract (1762).
Said that “man was born free, yet everywhere he is in chains."
That civilization ,want the stronger ruled over the weaker. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
Military take over of the government called “coup d’ état (November 9, 1799).
Elected emperor of French Empire by submitting a plebiscite (1804).
Battle against Russia because they were increasing military power with the help of Czar.
Alexander I. Losing by sneak attacks while returning to France but the worst challenge was the Russian winter (1812).
Battle of Nations, Napoleon surrenders and gets exiled for the first time (March 1814).
Was defeated at Waterloo and exiled (June 18 1815). -
Period: to
The French Revolution
In 1789 everyone was part of the Three Estates.
Third Estate resented the privileged of the other Estates.
Louis XVI calls for Estate General (May 5, 1789).
Third Estates take the Tennis Court Oath when locked out (June 20, 1789).
July 14, 1789 people storm Bastille.
Great Fear- Peasants are afraid of being attacked by troops (July 17 and August 3 1789).
In August the National Assembly issued The Declaration of the Rights of Men (August 1789).
1793 Robespierre starts the Reign of Terror. -
Eugene Delacroix
Painted Liberty Leading the People (1830)
