-
1492
Christopher Columbus receives charter to find India
Christopher Columbus receives charter to find India -
1508
Ponce de Leon begins enslavement of Tainos in modern-day San Juan
Ponce de Leon begins enslavement of Tainos in modern-day San Juan -
1513
African slaves imported to Puerto Rico
African slaves are imported to Puerto Rico to supplement the falling Taino population on the island. -
Period: to
Dutch East India Company active
Dutch East India Company active -
Jamestown colony is established in modern-day Virginia
Jamestown colony is established in modern-day Virginia -
First African slaves in English colonies in North America
First African slaves in English colonies in North America -
Massachusetts enacts laws that authorize slavery
Massachusetts enacts laws that authorize slavery -
Benjamin Franklin advocates for arts education in American schools
Benjamin Franklin advocates for arts education in American schools -
Naturalization Act of 1790
The Act gave citizenship in the United States exclusively to "free White persons of good character". -
Art education experiments begin in Boston schools
Art education experiments begin in Boston schools -
William Sidney Mount paints "The Power of Music"
From the Cleveland Museum of Art's description: "Set in rural Long Island before the Civil War, Mount's complex painting presents an African American laborer listening intently to a fiddle tune enjoyed by white men. While a love of music unites the figures in a bond of shared humanity, the two races occupy different spaces--one inside, one outside, both separated by a barn door--effectively symbolizing the pronounced divisions in America at the time." http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1991.110 -
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation -
Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution becomes law
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.[1] -
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection -
Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.[1] -
Drawing is introduced as a skill for industrial design purposes
Drawing is introduced as a skill for industrial design purposes, including manufacturing -
Child Study Movement in education begins
The Child Study movement in education begins to examine learning and teaching from a child's point of view. -
Plessy v. Ferguson decision
Plessy v. Ferguson upholds "Separate but Equal" doctrine with relation to public facilities. -
Period: to
Bauhaus Dessau school is active
Bauhaus Dessau school is active -
"Correlational Studies" are seen as a way to connect art education to other school subjects
Correlational studies seek to find the art in other activities, but in a surface level manner. -
John Dewey publishes "Art as Experience"
John Dewey publishes "Art as Experience" -
"Redline" map of Akron, Ohio
Map indicates "redlined" neighborhoods, where residents may face challenges in paying for property (e.g., mortgages). This is not the earliest redline map of Akron, but was the first redline map created after my house was built. -
American Psychological Association (APA) lists homosexuality in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
Early to mid 20th-century models of disease interpreted the body as being out of "normal" for any concept of illness. In this regard, in the early 1950's, homosexuality was considered to be a deviation from "normal", and was therefore considered an illness and thus included in the DSM. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695779/ -
Brown v. Board decision ends "separate but equal"
Economic disparity was cited as one of the reasons this decision should be reversed. -
Studies in Art Education founded
Studies in Art Education founded -
Ruby Bridges enters William Frantz Elementary School
The ruling of Brown v. Board allows desegregation of school buildings. This is immortalized in Norman Rockwell's painting, "The Problem We All Live With" , which depicts a young Bridges escorted by U.S. Marshalls as she is en-route to the school. -
Akron City Riots
Riots occurred over several days in Akron as tensions between Akron Police and residents of the Wooster Road neighborhood rose. -
Stonewall Riot
Stonewall Riot occurs, after patrons have had enough of police entrapment and raids -
Freire writes Pedagogy of the Oppressed
Freire writes Pedagogy of the Oppressed -
APA removes homosexuality from the DSM
APA removes homosexuality from the DSM -
United States Centers for Disease Control publish first report on AIDS epidemic
Information from CDC Website The first report is based on a specific type of pneumonia seen in people with weakened immune systems. Later, after more unusual diseases are seen affecting gay men, doctors and scientists realize that all of the rare diseases are affecting people with weakened or absent immune systems. -
US CDC uses the term "AIDS" to describe the syndrome for the first time.
Previously, the term GRID ("Gay-Related Immune Deficiency") was used, which deepened divisions and stereotypes. -
Michael Apple writes "Teachers and texts: A political economy of class and gender relations in public education"
Using the word, "texts" to mean instructional materials, Apple's work reviews how power structures are reinforced in schools via the teacher's materials choices. Apple, M. W. (1988). Teachers and texts : a political economy of class and gender relations in education. Routledge. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.kent.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip&db=cat02286a&AN=kent.b2134722&site=eds-live&scope=site -
Eileen Adams writes "Learning to see"
Adams's article explores how the designed environment affects children's learning and experiences. Adams, E. (1989). Learning to see. Children’s Environments Quarterly, 6(2/3), 42–48. -
Los Angeles Riots occur in response to Rodney King video and subsequent acquittal of officers involved
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers involved in the Rodney King arrest and beating are acquitted, which sparks the riots which injured more than 2000 people and caused millions of dollars in property damage. This sparks a watershed moment for studying social justice issues in the United States. -
Period: to
Los Angeles Riots
Over 2000 people were reported as injured in the events, as a result of the acquittal of four officers in the beating of Rodney King, despite video evidence showing the beating taking place. -
GLSEN
GLSEN founded in Massachusetts in order to foster learning and education about LGBTQ+ issues in schools. Link to free GLSEN Safe Space resources:
https://www.glsen.org/safespace -
Garber writes "Social Justice and Art Education"
Garber, E. (2004). Social Justice and Art Education. Visual Arts Research, 30(2), 4-22. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.proxy.library.kent.edu/stable/20715349 -
Darts writes "Visual Culture Jam: Art, Pedagogy and Creative Resistance" in Studies in Art Education
Darts argues for how visual culture and material culture artifacts can be used to investigate social justice issues and foster student awareness and activism. -
"Shocking" Art on "Work of Art: The Next Great Artist"
Contestant Abdi Farrah, and art teacher from Dover, Pennsylvania, wins a challenge to create a "shocking" work of art on the Bravo game show "Work of Art: The Next Great Artist". Farrah's work references social justice issues and educational disparities in communities of color. (Through 1:10 on this clip)
http://www.bravotv.com/video/share/14742029 -
Rhoades et al. write "Big Gay Church" paper in Studies in Art Education
This article emphasizes the need to support LGBTQ+ students in the art classroom and to not de-emphasize the contributions of these students. -
Marvel's "Black Panther" movie wins historic awards at Oscars
Providing a vision of an alternate future, "Black Panther" won multiple awards: https://www.ajc.com/news/local/atlanta-filmed-black-panther-takes-home-academy-awards-oscars2019/P8z8otVEEmlzZFvt3rNCZO/ -
New York Times reports that a second AIDS patient is reported as "cured"
