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ENSA
There was a special entertainment show on the British radio run by ENSA, the Entertainments National Service Association, also known as ‘Every Night Something Awful’ it was set up in 1939 and ENSA operated as part of the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes. -
The beginning of the Second World War (Poland's Invasion)
The Second Wold War started with the invasion of Poland on 1st September 1939. Here is where, Hitler became democratically the chancellor of Germany(1933). In about one month Poland was defeated, so the result of this invasion was the decisive German and Soviet Victory . This would lead to Poland being divided in two different parts between Germany and the Soviet Union. Many polish cities were attacked and there were about 760 mass-executions. So more than 150,000 against Germans who lost 2350. -
Period: to
Second World War
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Phoney War
This was a phase early in World War II that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies (the United Kingdom and France) against the German Reich.
It is called the Phoney War because nothing happened: FR & BR were waiting for Hitler’s next move –and he was waiting to see if they would make peace. Soon Hitler realized they wouldn’t, so the Germans planned an offensive in the West. It lasted until 10th May 1940. -
Rationing of Food
Rationing was introduced by the British government, to deal with sometimes extreme shortages, the Ministry of Food instituted a system of rationing. -
Rationing
Butter, bacon, sugar, meat, tea were rationed during the war. -
Winston Churchill Prime Minister
In April Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. A British force failed to help the Norwegians hold the Germans back. The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was forced to resign, and was replaced by Winston Churchill -
Battle of France
The causes of this battle was that Germany wanted to expand his territory over France. And get rid of one of the main power of Allies. The Allies were FR,UK,Belgium and Netherland which fight against the Axis Power(Germany and Italy). It ended up on 25th June of the same year, and the result of it was the decisive victory of the Axis Power, the surrender of France to Germany and the german occupation over the most part of France, especially over Paris. -
Battle of Dunkirk
It was an important battle in the Second World War between the Allies and German until 4th June 1940. The Blitzkrieg forced French and British forces to retreat until they were trapped at Dunkirk: operation Dynamo saved the army trapped at Dunkirk (German-controlled Europe was ready to invade Britain) . The final result of it was the evacuation of Allied troops. -
The Blitz
Hitler decided to postpone the invasion of Britain. It was now the only country actively fighting Germany. He hoped to force the British Government into making peace with a new tactic: the Blitz (it was intense bombing of British cities; it was meant to break the morale of British civilians) But due to the RAF, it was a failure for Germany. -
Operation Sea Lion
This was a German plan to invade Britain and the elimination of the English home country as a base of military operations against the German Reich. This operation followed The Fall of France.(Battle of France). The result of it was the cancellation and and the starting for preparing the Operation Barbarossa -
Tripartite pact (Axis Power)
It was the alignment of nations that fought in the Second World War against the Allied forces from the signature of the Tripartite Pact. The Axis promoted the alliance as a part of a revolutionary process. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of the alliance. The countries which composed the Axis Power were Germany, Italy and Japan. -
Rationing of food
Jam was rationed during the war -
Operation Barbarossa
This was an operation secretly planned, in which Hitler hope to destroy the Communism and steal the USSR's natural resources. It lasted until 5th December, and this operations was carried out by the Axis Power and the Soviet Union, which would repel the offensive and would finally defeat Germany and its allies. To take land in the East for Lebensraum, to destroy the Communist system which he saw as a threat, and steal the resources (oil and grain), to use the Slav peoples as slave labour. -
RAF
Tthe RAF beat the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain, because --The RAF’s pilots, though inexperienced, were highly trained, skilful and committed-The RAF didn’t commit all its planes at the same time: it would have been too risky-The RAF were fighting closer to their bases, so their fuel supplies lasted longer -
Pacific War
This was a war between the Allied and the Axis Power which took place in Pacific Ocean. It ended with the Allied victory, the end of the WW II, fall Empire of Japan. And there were some territorial changes: Removal of all Japanese troops occupying parts of the Republic of China, -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
It was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against overseas territories.The result was the Japanese victory, the United States declaration of war on the Empire of Japan and Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. -
Final Solution
It's a Nezi German Pact in orde to start he massive genocide with the Jewsi population(Shoah). It suposed the systematic deportation and later killing all classified as ethnically Jewish person, disabled of their religion. -
Rationing of food
All kind of sweets were rationed during the war -
The Beveridge Report
This was an influential document in the founding of the Welfare State in Britain.It was carried out by William Beveridge, an economist, who identified five "Giant Evils" in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease, and went on to propose widespread reform to the system of social welfare to address these. -
First Battle of El Alamein
This battle lasted until 27 th July, and it was fought in North Africa, in the Western Desert Campaign, among the Allies and the Axis Power. However, there were mucho more deaths from the allies this battle would mean the victory of Allies in a strategical way. -
Battle of Stalingrad
This battle took place in Stalingran, in winter 1942 when thousands of Germans were surrounded by the Soviet army, because a harsh winter (sub-zero temperatures with no equipment for this). More results of this battle were: destruction of the German 6th Army, Axis forces began to decline in Eastern Front and turning point of World War II in Europe -
Second Battle of El Alamein
This battle lasted until 11th November, and as I've already said in the First Battle of El Alamein, the result was as well the decisive victory of Allies. This time the losses would be more equally spread among them. This victory would mean the end of the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal, and of gaining access to the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields thorugh North Africa. -
U-Boat less "dangerous"
The U-Boats were seen less as a threar in 1943 than in 1940 because the following things:
-The navy began a convoy system to protect ships-Techniques for finding and attacking submarines got better (radar)-BR and USA got faster at building new ships-BR started to grow more food, less had to be imported -
Black May
It refers to a period in the Battle of the Atlantic campaign, when the German U-boat arm suffered high casualties with fewer Allied ships sunk. -
Battle of Britain
Here I provide some extra information and photos about the battle of Britain. It's taken from BBC. -
Battle of Britain
The aim of this battle was to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF). This battle was among Germany and Italy against Britain and his British Empire( Canada). But it was Britain which won the battle, so the failure of Germany would be its major defeat at the beginning of the Second World War, and it would also mean the end of German's air invansion. -
Education Act
An Act to reform the law relating to education in England and Wales.It introduced the Tripartite System of secondary education and made all schooling--especially secondary education, free for all pupils. It raised the school leaving age to 15 , but kept age 11 as the decision point for sending children to higher levels -
Total War
It was more or less between 1940 and 1944. It was set up by Winston Churchill and it means that every person in the country was playing an active part in the war. It wasn’t all down to the Government and the armed forces -
D-Day Landings
Preparation: Portable harbours (mulberries) and a fuel pipeline laid across the Channel sea bed to support landings by troops on the 5 Normandy Beaches( Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sowrd). This was an invasion fought between The Allies against Germany. The result of it was the Allies' victory and a five Allied beachheads established in Normandy. (*Beaches) -
Labour Goverment
A new Labour government was elected in 1945. They began to set up the Welfare State.
Want – The National Insurance ActDisease – The National Health ServiceSqualor – New towns and new housing -
Party's Elections
The Labour Party won the General Election in Britain with a massive majority of seats. -
Tension increse
The tension between the USA and the Soviet Union incresed during 1945 because Stalin was determined to force Communism onto Poland and other Eastern European countries and the USA deliberately didn’t tell the USSR about the development and plan to use the atom bomb on Japan. -
Yalta Conference
-Germany split into four zones: America, Br, Fr and USSR-Free elections for new governments in Eastern Europe that had been occupied by Germany-UNO would replace the failed League of Nations -
Harry S. Truman President
Truman was the president of USA because Fraklin died in this date. Harry was the first president who fought in the First World War , because he was an Artillery General. He faced the great problemas of USA: economical, internal problems.... He belonged to the Democratic Party, but before he was the president of USA worked as farmer. -
Battle of Berlin
In April 1945 the Russians captured Berlin, so this battle was among Germany and Soviet Union.The Germans surrendered on 7th May, so from the Soviets they were many changes such as : dismantling of Nazi Germany, and Berlin started being in Allies' hands. But the most shocking change or consequence about this battle was the suicide of Hitler. -
Postdam Conference
It was a meeting celebrated in Germany. The participants of this meeting were Chruchill, Roosevelt and Stalin the most powerful Allies who defested the Axis Power. This meeting was made in order to talk about how divide Germnay, after the surrender of Germany. -
Hiroshima's Bomb
Together with the United Kingdom and the Republic of China, the United States called for a surrender of Japan, threatening Japan with "prompt and utter destruction". The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum. American airmen dropped Little Debate regarding how much influence on the surrender of Japan. This bomb killed mora than 75.000 people, even the war was dropped wrongly. And the victim were horrible, most of the people die, other were burned, other lost the sight, arms, legs... -
Nagasaki's Bomb.
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Period: to
Cold War
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National Insurance Act
Everyone paid a small amount each week, and employers added a contribution. All those who paid into the scheme could claim benefits when they were ill, unemployed or retired -
Labour nationalized (1947-1949)
The Government would control the ‘means of production, distribution and exchange’ –industry, transport and trade: businesses more efficient, improving workers conditions, and investing money in big projects.
-1947 Coal, Radio & telephone communications, Air transport-1948 Public transport, Electricity-1949 Gas, Iron & steel -
Truman Doctrine
This was a measure made up of the USA. USA didn't want that Turkey and Greece entered into the Communism. Because the british government announced that they coulnd't coninue supporting to the Greek government . So, Trumand saw it as a warning, because they could enter into the Soviet Union. So he decided to pay them with a great amount of money. -
Marshall Plan
USA organized massive aid for Europe and Japan to rebuild in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism. American aid to European countries to help rebuild their damaged economies. Many in the West worried that poverty in Europe would drive people to support Communists. The Marshall plan was designed to ease poverty and so prevent the spread of Communism, helping also the US economy -
NATO( North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
The Western nations formed it, against communists USSR.This is an intergovernmental military alliance treaty based on the North Atlantic Treaty. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence otherwise its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. -
Final Solution
-Death Camps were built in Eastern Europe: Gas chambers were built for mass murder-They were killed: mainly Jews, but Slavs, gypsies, black people, homosexuals, disabled people, Communists…-Heinrich Himmler (SS) was in overall charge of this-Extermination camps: Auschwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor, Chelmno, Belzec… These would be the biggest genocide the world had ever seen, in which like always innocent people died(women, childre, homosexual, worker....) An this was supposed to be a moral lesson -
Mao Zedong
In 1949m the Communist State of China was set up by Mao Zedong; this meant that the USA now became worried that China would spread Communism throughout East Asia. The Cold War spread to this area in 1950. Mao Zedong was the president of China from 1st October 1949 until the 27th April 1954. But he was also from 20th March 1943 until 9th September 1976, the President of the Communist Party of China -
Korea War
The cause of this war was the that South Korea's invansion, he wanted to take the whole country, his lands and have the whole power. The countries who fought were: South Korea and the Allies forces against North Korea and the Soviet Union's forces. The result was a ceasefire. -
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Nikita Jrushchov President
Nikita Jrushchov was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after Stalin from 1953 until 1964. That meand that he was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. He also controlled the Sovietic invansion of Hungary the results of this invansion were: more than 20,000 Hungarians were killed or wounded, Nagy was arrested and later shot and Janos Kadar, a pro-soviet leader became Prime Minister, ensuring loyalty towards USSR -
Geneva Agreement
It arranged a settlement which brought about an end to the First Indochina war. The agreement was reached at the end of the Geneva Conference. A ceasefire was signed this agreement in which France agreed to withdraw its troops from the region.
-France withdrew from Indo China (they had lost their colony)-Vietnam was partitioned into Communist North and Democratic (real) South-Laos and Cambodia were set up as independe states -
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
This battle was among France and Viet Minh(League for the independence of Vietnam). This was a great surprise for the franch because the first night without expecting it, they were bombed by artillery. There were a lot of deaths, and Frances reply with parachuist but there were also attacked. So the war ended with the Vietnam victory and the total defeat of France. -
Warsaw Pact
The USSR said NATO was a threat and formed it in 1955, against the Western nations. It was a military cooperation agreement signed in 1955 by the countries of the Eastern Bloc. The main aim was to counter the threat of Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and especially the rearmament of West Germany. -
Fidel Castro as Cuba's Leader
Fidel Castro began a guerrilla war and soon marched into Cuba’s capital, Havana, and successfully overthrew the government. In this date he was known as the Prime Minister of Cuba. He also reduced the influence of USA in Cuba by: Shut down the gambling casinos and the brothels, nationalizing American owned sugar mills and oil refineries, seizing $1000 million worth of American property and Castro began to work with the USSR –he’d always been Communist influenced. -
Cuba Invasion
In 1961, President Kennedy authorized an invasion of Cuba by CIA-trained anti-Castro Cuban exiles. The rebels landed in the Bay of Pigs, but the US didn’t give them air support as they had promised, so the rebels were easily defeated -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall is built, this would be the beginning of Germany split into :(45km) Western and Eastern(Comunism). This was such a problem, that this wall was even called "The Wall of Shame". At the beginning the Soviet from the Western Part of Germany thought it was to protect them from the fascist, but it was really to avis the massive emigration. The fall os this wall on 9th November 1989 meant the end of the Cold War.
http://iris.cnice.mec.es/kairos/temas/img/mapa_muros2b.gif -
Nuclear War's Result
At the last minute Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba and ordered his ships to turn around –if the US would promise to remove missiles from Turkey, near the Soviet border. Kennedy lifted the blockade and promised not to invade Cuba -
Nuclear War
The USA’s U2 spy planes flying high-altitude reconnaissance flights detected these Soviet missiles –from Cuba they could be used to attack US cities.President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba. All Soviet ships were to be stopped and searched to prevent further missiles being transported to CubaKennedy demanded that Khrushchev withdraw his missiles and prepared to invade Cuba. The Soviet ships steamed on to Cuba -
Cuban missile crisis
-Withdrawal of the Soviet Union's nuclear missiles from Cuba and withdrawal of certain United States' nuclear missiles from Turkey and Italy.
-The Soviet Union would never inavde United States
-Creation of a nuclear hotline between the United States and the Soviet Union
-Fidel Castro's position as Cuban leader strengthened -
Alexander Dubcek
Alexander Dubcek became leader and made a series of changes to the country: -Workers were given a greater say in their factories-Travel to the West was made available for all-Living standards were to be raised-Free elections were to be held-Opposition parties would be permitted -
SALT
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union on the issue of armament control. The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II. Talks continued throughout the 1970s with a view to further limitations but the USA refused to sign the proposed SALT 2 agreement in 1979, following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. -
Vietnam's Victory in War
-The Vietcong treated the South Vietnamese well and gained their support-US bombing killed many civilians and made North Vietnam more determined to defeat America-Vietcong guerillas were very skilful soldiers-American troops were mostly poorly-motivated conscripts, unused to fighting in the jungle-The North Vietnamese had the support of China and the Soviet Union-American public opinion turned against the war-The South Vietnamese regime was unpopular -
Helsinki Final Act
It was the final act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Helsinki, Finland,Thirty-three states, including the USA, Canada, and most European states except Albania and Andorra, signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West -
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Russian paratroopers landed in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. The country was already in the civil war. The prime minister tried to keep Muslim tradition within the nation and he wanted more belief in the country. In december, the prime minister, Amin, was shot by the Russians and was replaced by Babrak Kamal. Even after this invasion the Civil War in this county continues, and the another result of this invasion was the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan(Geneva Accords of 1988) -
Soviet Unio's Crisis
-Its economy, weak: Economic policy hadn’t changed to adapt to modern conditions: Low quality of goods-Arms race with the USA very expensive-There wasn’t enough food (millions of tons of grain imported from the USA)-Afghanistan: 15,000 Soviet troops were killed, and the war cost $8 billion per year. It dragged on throughout the 1980s and seemed unwinnable -
Gorbachev
The Soviet leader Mikhail Gorvachev told the United Nations that the countries of Eastern Europe now had a choice: the USSR wasn’t going to control them any more.
-Hungary opened its frontier with Austria-Free elections in Poland: Solidarity won (new non-Communist government)-Many East Germans crossed into West Germany-Berlin Wall was torn down
Anti-Communist demonstration in Czechoslovakia(...) -
Fall of Comunism
-Hungary opened its frontier with Austria-Free elections in Poland: Solidarity won (new non-Communist government)-Many East Germans crossed into West Germany-Berlin Wall was torn down-Anti-Communist demonstration in Czechoslovakia-Nikolai Ceauçescu, Romania dictator, was executed after a revolution against his cruel and corrupt regime -
The Fall of Berlin Wall
The fall of the Berlin Wall had begun with the building of the Wall in 1961.However it took about three decades until the Wall was torn down.Several times people in the Communist countries rised up against the Communist system but they failed.Travel restrictions are lifted. More than 10,000 East Germans cross the border to West Berlin. -
Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany
This treaty was negotiated in 1990 between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic , and the Four Powers which occupied Germany at the end of World War II in Europe. In the treaty the Four Powers renounced all rights they held in Germany, allowing a united Germany to become fully sovereign the following year. -
The Fall of the Soviet Union
Put simply, the Soviet Union grew too big to manage successfully. Several other factors led up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, including the Afghanistan Quagmire, Perestroika, Decentralization, Glasnost and Chernobyl, among others.
