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14 of april
On 14 April 1931, the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed and a provisional government made up of the winning Republican-socialist coalition took over. -
The New Constitution
Laid the foundations for a progressive, democratic republic. It did not have the support of conservative groups who dissented on social, religious and regional issues. The Constitution:
defined Spain as an integral state, with the possibility of establishing autonomous regional governments. -
Education Reform
During the Second Republic, 13000 new primary schools and 30 new secondary schools were opened and many teaching positions were created. Almost all of them were occupied by women, whose access to teacher training courses was growing considerably. The government gave grants to students on the basis of financial need or academic merit. -
Land Reform
The Republic addressed the problem of land ownership.
In some parts of Spain, especially in Andalusia and
Extremadura, there were hundreds of thousands of landless workers living in extreme poverty, while property was concentrated in the hands of a few hundred landowners. -
The church and the army are not very happy
Republic. Another initiative included in the Constitution was the separation of Church and state. Reforms attempted to reduce the Church's influence on public life and education. The church said that it was a serious and fatal mistake to exclude the Church from the nation's public and active life. -
The Estatut
In 1932, people gathered to support the Estatut, a plan to give Catalonia more freedom within Spain. It aimed to recognize Catalonia's special identity and culture. But the Spanish government stopped it, causing tension between Catalonia and the central government that still exists today. -
Carme voting for first time
One of the objectives of the Second Republic was to promote equality between men and women. Not only were women given the vote, but legal and social barriers were also removed that had previously prevented women from participating in social, political and economic life. -
Elections of 1933 (CEDA)
Left-wing Republicans appeared divided in the run-up to the elections, while the conservatives joined the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA) led by Gil Robles. The victory of the centre-right (Radical Party and CEDA) resulted in a new government headed by Lerroux, which paralysed much of the reform process begun by the previous government. -
I don’t trust in the fascists from Falange
It was a political facist group led by José Antonio Primo de Rivera. It promoted fervent nationalism, strict authoritarianism, and corporatist principles. During the Spanish Civil War, it aligned with Franco's Nationalists. Following Franco's rule, its influence waned, yet it endures as a marginal far-right faction. -
Companys an the jailed consellers
The new government launched several reforms requested by a broad segment of the population: it legalised political parties and unions; it granted amnesty for political prisoners of the dictatorship; it created a provisional Generalitat for the government of Catalonia. -
Center of Barcelona
In October 1934, the Barcelona's centre was full of anxiety and agitation, the government of Catalonia said they were independent, causing a big commotion called the October Revolution. People filled the streets, and there were blockades everywhere. The fight between those who wanted independence and the government made Barcelona feel really uncertain. -
The democracy returns
Spain experienced crucial general elections that marked a turning point in its history. The Popular Front emerged victorious over the National Front, laying the groundwork for the onset of the Spanish Civil War later that year. -
The uncle Francesc in Melilla
The failed military uprising triggered a civil war. General Queipo de Llano extended the uprising to Andalusia (Algeciras, Cádiz, Seville). At the same time, General Franco in the southwest and General Mola in the north moved their troops towards Madrid, but the capital resisted the attack.