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Period: 460 BCE to 370 BCE
Democritus
-Born in Athens Greece
-Discovered that everything that is visible is made of Atoms.
-Discovered that atoms are indestructible, unable to be split , eternal and invisible.
-Atoms occupy space and differ in size, shape, magnitude, position and arrangement.
-Discovered that atoms are homogeneous.
-Democritus was the apprentice of Leucippus, together they formed bits and pieces about the atom but Democritus put it all together.
-Fun Fact:
Democritus also studied zoology, botany and medicine. -
Period: to
Antoine lavoisier
-Discovered Law of Conservation of matter by experimenting, turning HgO into Hg+O
-Named oxygen and hydrogen Fun Facts:
-Lavoisier was suspected of treason during the French Revolution.
-His education was payed for by the fortune left to him when his mother died. -
Period: to
John Dalton
- Born in Eagles field, Cambria, United Kingdom -Chemical reactions consist of rearranging atoms in simple whole number ratios. -Claimed that -All matter is made of atoms. -All atoms can be identified by mass and properties. -All compounds are made up of atom combinations. -If an element reacts, their atoms may sometimes combine into more than one simple whole number ratio. Fun Facts: -Dalton was a Quaker -Dalton started teaching at the age of 12. -re-searched colorblindness
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John Dalton Earned the Royal Metal
the metal is is awarded to two people each year who make break-throes in a scientific field. Dalton was awarded the medal for his developments made in atomic theory. John Dalton never received the award but it was made in honor of him. -
Period: to
J.J. Thomas
-Born in Manchester
-discovered the electron
-used a cathode ray/tube
-created the model of an atom he linked to plum pudding -
Period: to
Karl Planck
-Born in Kiel, Germany. Executed for being part of an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Hitler.
-he was led to the problem of the distribution of energy in the spectrum of full radiation Planck was able to deduce the relationship between the energy and the frequency of radiation. called plancks constant.
-fun facts; He was a gifted pianist and is said to have at one time considered music as a career. Planck was twice married. -
Period: to
Marie curie
-Discovered Radium and Petroleum
-found that chemical properties of elements change as they give off radiation.
Fun Facts:
-First woman to win a noble prize and only one to ever win twice
-first woman to become a professor at the university of Paris. -
Period: to
Robert milikan
-born inMorrison, IL
-Best known for the oil drop experiment
-It measured an electrons charge
Fun fact:
Millikan proved that radiation is from an extraterrestrial origin, and named it “cosmic rays” -
Period: to
Albert Einstein
-Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. -
Period: to
Niels Bohr
-he passed on to a study of the structure of atoms on the basis of Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus. By introducing conceptions borrowed from the Quantum Theory as established by Planck, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure that, with later improvements still fitly serves -
Period: to
erwin schrödinger
-His great discovery, Schrödinger’s wave equation, which came as a result of his dissatisfaction with the quantum condition in Bohr’s orbit theory and his belief that atomic spectra should really be determined by some kind of eigenvalue problem. For this work he shared with Dirac the Nobel Prize for 1933. -
Period: to
James Chadwick
-Born in Cheshire, England. Passed away in Cambridge, UK.
-Proved existence of neutrons, and prepared the way towards the fission of uranium 235 and towards the creation of the bomb.
-Fun Facts; Interned in the Zivilgefangenlager, Ruhleben during world war I. Succeeded in disintegrating atoms by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, with emmision of a proton. had multiple papers published on radioactivity. James was also knighted. -
Period: to
Louis De Broglie
-Broglie’s work has been chiefly devoted to the study of the various extensions of wave mechanics: Dirac’s electron theory, the new theory of light, the general theory of spin particles, applications of wave mechanics to nuclear physics, etc. -
Period: to
Werner Heisenberg
-worked with Niels Bohr. Heisenberg’s name will always be associated with his theory of quantum mechanics, published in 1925, when he was only 23 years old. His new theory was based only on what can be observed on the radiation emitted by the atom.
-One of his hobbies is classical music: he is a distinguished pianist. In 1937 Heisenberg married Elisabeth Schumacher. They have seven children, and live in Munich. -
J.J. Thomas earns the Nobel Prize in Physics
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Marie Currie wins the Noble prize for the first time for Physics
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Karl Planck
Planck was twice married. he married a friend of his childhood, Marie Merck, who died in 1909. He remarried her cousin Marga von Hösslin. Three of his children died young, leaving him with two sons. -
Marie Curie earns the Noble Prize for the second time.
This time Marie was awarded for her discovery of uranium and petroleum. -
James Chadwick
Elected fellow of Glanville and Caius college & became assistant director of research in Cavendish laboratory. -
Niels Bohr
Recognition of his work on the structure of atoms came with the award of the Nobel Prize -
Robert Milikan earned the Noble Prize
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Albert Einstein
Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925 -
Karl Planck
He was elected to Foreign Membership of the Royal Society in 1926, being awarded the Society’s Copley Medal in 1928. -
James Chadwick
Elected fellow of royalty society -
Louis de Broglie
In 1929 the Swedish Academy of Sciences conferred on him the Nobel Prize for Physics “for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons”. -
Louis De Broglie
the Academie des Sciences awarded him in 1929 the Henri Poincaré medal -
James Chadwick
Discovers neutrons -
Louis de Broglie
Awarded the Albert I of Monaco prize. -
Werner Heisenberg
For his theory and the applications of it which resulted especially in the discovery of allotropic forms of hydrogen, Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. -
Erwin Schrödinger
shared with Dirac the Nobel Prize for 1933. -
James Chadwick
Awarded Hughes medal of royal society -
James Chadwick
Awarded nobel prize for physics -
Albert Einstein
Awarded the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935. -
Period: to
Ernest Rutherford ( Fauther of neuclear physics)
-Born in New Zeeland
-Most famous for his experiment of bombarding gold with radiation particles
-Claimed that:
an atom must be mostly empty space
particles must have a small compact and positively charged center called the nucleus.
-Came up with a model that stated there was a nucleus in the center of an atom and electrons travel in circles around it.
-Theorized, electrons should fall into the nucleus causing the atom to collapse
-Fun Fact:
-Two of Rutherford's brothers drowned in 1886 -
Erwin Schrödinger
Schrödinger continued his research and published many papers on a variety of topics, including the problem of unifying gravitation and electromagnetism, which also absorbed Einstein and which is still unsolved -
James Chadwick
Knighted & receives Copley medal in 1950 -
Louis de Broglie
In 1952 the first Kalinga Prize was awarded to him by UNESCO for his efforts to explain aspects of modern physics to the layman. -
Werner Heisenberg
he became President of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and he did much to further the policy of this Foundation, which was to invite scientists from other countries to Germany and to help them to work there. -
Louis de Broglie
In 1956 he received the gold medal of the French National Scientific Research Centre.