Scientific and Technological advances of the XIX century

  • Photography

    The First Photograph. The world's first photograph made in a camera was taken in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. The photograph was taken from the upstairs windows of Niépce's estate in the Burgundy region of France.At first, photography was either used as an aid in the work of an painter or followed the same principles the painters followed. The first publicly recognized portraits were usually portraits of one person, or family portraits
  • Anestesia

    It is said that true anesthesia was born in the 19th century thanks to the discoveries of gases. Horace Wells is credited with first using nitrous oxide to extract teeth in 1844. But when he had to demostrate his system at Massachusetts General Hospital, the patient began to scream and Wells fell into disrepute and eventually commited suicide. His colleague William Morton demostrated in 1846 the efficacy of ether as a general anesthetic, and in 1847 Simpson applied chloroform in childbirth.
  • Darwinism

    theory of the evolutionary mechanism propounded by Charles Darwin as an explanation of organic change. It denotes Darwin’s specific view that evolution is driven mainly by natural selection.supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology.
  • Mobile Phone

    In 1854, Meucci built a device to connect his office with his bedroom, due to his wife being immobilized from rheumatism. However, Meucci didn´t have enough money to patent his invention, although he did patent other inventions that he believed were more profitable.
    In 1860 Antonio Meucci made public his invention. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell filed a patent that did not really describe the telephone, but did mention it as such
  • Incandescent lamp

    Joseph Wilson Swan received the British patent for his device in 1879, about a year before Thomas Alva Edison. Swan reported the success to the Newcastle Chemical Society, and at a conference in February 1879, he showed a working lamp. At the beginning of that year, he began installing light bulbs in homes and signs in England. Thomas Alva Edison was the first to patent a carbon filament incandescent light bulb. He patented it on January 27, 1880.
  • Thermionic emission

    Discovered by Thomas Edison on February 13, 1880, while trying to discover the reason why the filaments broke and why the glass darkened of his incandescent lamps. Edison connected the additional electrode to the filament of the lamp through a galvanometer. However, when it positively charged the foil, most of the electrons emmited from the hot filament were drawn towards it causing a stable current flow.
  • The first plane

    The first proper airplane was created by Clement Ader, on October 9, 1890 he managed to take off and fly 50m with his Eole. Later he repeated the feat with Airplane II that flies 200m in 1892 and Airplane III that in 1897 flies a distance of more tan 300m.
  • Discovery of electron

    In 1896, British physicist Joseph John Thomson, carried out experiments that indicated that cathode rays were actually single particles and not waves, atoms, or molecules, as previously believed. Likewise, it demostrated that its charge-mass ratio was independent of the cathode material. The name <electron> for these particles was proposed again by the Irish physicist George Francis FitzGerald, and since then the word has gained acceptance in parts. that was finally patented in 1897.
  • Vitascope

    The vitascope is a film projector that was first exhibited in 1895 at the Cotton States Exposition in the US. Its creators were Thomas Alva Edison and Thomas Armat.
    Armat, who owned the legal rights, sold the vitascope to the company that produced the kinetoscope. Thomas Alva Edison reached an agreement on August 31, 1987 with Armat through which Edison would be considered the inventor of the phantascope.
  • Aspirina

    Salicylic acid, has been used by mankind for at least 2400 years. Acetylsalicylic acid was first synthesized by French chemist Charles Frederic Gerhardt in 1853, by combining sodium salicylate with acetyl chloride. In the second half of the 19th century other chemists described its chemical structure and devised more efficient methods for its synthesis. In 1897, Bayer scientists began studying aspirin as a possible less irritating replacement for common salicylate medications