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Oct 31, 1451
Columbus and Vespucci was born
Christopher Columbus was born on October 31. Also, Amerigo Vespucci was born on March 9. They where both explorers. -
Feb 19, 1473
Nicolas Copernicus
Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) born. -
Feb 19, 1494
Giovanni attacks magic and more
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494) attacks practical magic, especially, astrology, as it calls into questions traditional notions of human free will. Which concerns underscores longstanding issues associated with the Condemnations of 1270 and 1277 which seems to have undermined the authority of Aristotle. -
Dec 24, 1518
London College of Physicians
The London College of Physicians is granted a royal charter and functions both as a traditional professional guild as well as a learned society. -
Apr 3, 1531
On the Disciplines
Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540) in his On the Disciplines argues for the reform of education and a more receptive approach to skills traditionally associated with the craft and trade traditions. -
May 21, 1545
Ambroise Paré Medcine
In medicine, Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) introduced new methods in surgery and for treating wounds, arguing for ointments rather than boiling oils. -
May 27, 1561
Gabriele Falloppio Discovery
Gabriele Falloppio (1523-1562) announces his discovery of the fallopian tubes in his Anatomical Observations. -
Feb 16, 1564
Galileo and Shakespeare born
Galileo Galilei born at Pisa, Italy, February 16; Michelangelo Buonarroti dies at Florence, 18 February; William Shakespeare born in England, 23 April. -
Apr 7, 1569
Gerald Mercator System
The noted cartographer Gerard Mercator (1512-1594) publishes his justly famous cartographic projection system. -
Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII suggested reform of the Julian calendar, thus leading much of Catholic Europe away from the Julian (Old Style) calendar to the Gregorian (New Style). -
Johannes Kepler's Bioptrics
Johannes Kepler's Dioptrics analyzes optical refraction and proposes a practical means to improve the Galilean telescope. -
Jan Baptista van Helmont
Jan Baptista van Helmont (1579-1644) argues for medical chemistry and the view that 'chemistry' is central to understanding physiology.