-
9000 BCE
Scientific plant breeding
Application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. Plant breeding is an ancient activity, dating to the very beginnings of agriculture. -
5000 BCE
Lever
It is a stiff bar for applying a force (as for lifting a weight).
The earliest evidence of the lever mechanism is from a Mesopotamian civilization and they used it as a balance scale. -
4000 BCE
Sanitation system
First clay sewer pipes were introduced by Mesopotamians. It was used to remove wastewater from sites, and capture rainwater, in wells. -
3500 BCE
Sailboat
A small boat that uses wind power to propel it forward. -
3400 BCE
Nail
It is used in construction or carpentry. It is generally used to join wooden pieces.
It’s unknown exactly when nails were first invented, but archeological evidence shows nails were used in Ancient Egypt around 3,400 B.C. -
3000 BCE
Alphabetization
The meaning is the act of arranging something in the same order as the letters of the alphabet. The first known use of alphabetization was in 1864. However, the first alphabet was orginated in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium after the history of writing began. -
2300 BCE
Abacus
This invention is used to perform arithmetic operations. The Sumerian abacus was originated in Mesopotamia. -
1300 BCE
Industrial steelmaking
It is the process of producing steel from iron ore. Steelmaking has played a crucial role in the development of ancient, medieval, and modern technological societies. -
300 BCE
Cement
It is a binder used for construction. It was first used in Ancient Greece and Rome -
250 BCE
Archimedes' screw
Originated in Egipt, it was used to pump water from the Nile. -
105 BCE
Paper
It was discovered by an official of the Court of China. It occurred to him to mix the waste from washing the cocoons of the silkworm with water. -
142
Gunpowder
The earliest possible reference to gunpowder appeared in China. It is a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal. These materials will burn rapidly and explode as a propellant. -
628
Paper money
Paper currency was first developed in China. It was introduced in Europe around the 13th century by Marco Polo -
900
Rocketry
The first rockets were used as propulsion systems for arrows. -
1040
Compass
It is a device used for navigation and indicates the direction. Scientists think that China may have developed the first magnetic compass. The first compasses were made of lodestone. It was invented in 206 BC and used by the military in 1040. -
1284
Optical lenses
The first pair of lenses for an optical purpose was made in Italy by Salvino D'Armate -
1360
Mechanized clock
This type of clock oscillates in order to mark the passing time. It was invented by Henry de Vick -
1436
Printing press
It was invented to reduce the amount of time spent on the production of texts and books. Although this invention is credited to Johannes Gutenberg, something similar already existed in China in the 9th century. -
1582
Gregorian calendar
Pope Gregory XIII put into effect this calendar as a replacement of the Julian calendar. -
Anesthesia
Takamine Tokumei is reported to have made a general anesthesia in 1689. The modern anesthesia was first used in Boston by a dentist in 1846. -
Steam engine
The steam engine was used in old locomotives and boats. The steam is expanded into the piston-cylinder assembly to get the work output. -
Refrigeration
First time demonstrated was by William Cullen. He used a pump to create a small vacuum over a container of diethyl ether. When the deithyl ether began to boil, it absorbed the heat from the container's surroundings, causing it to cool. -
Sextant
It measures the angular distance between two objects. The main purpose of this object is for celestial navigation. -
Cotton gin
It was invented by Eli Whitney. Its purpose is to clean the cotton from the seeds. -
Internal combustion engine
Robert Street patented an internal-combustion engine -
Vaccine
Edward Jenner in 1796 created the first successful vaccine. The term 'vaccine' comes from the latin word vacca. -
Moldboard plow
A farm machine that cuts soil, lifts it, and turns it at least partly upside down. -
Photography
A method of recording the image of an object through the action of light.
The earliest dated chamber is the camera obscura and dates from the 4th century BC in China. However, the one we know today is from the end of 1824 invented by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. -
Telegrapgh
It an apparatus or device employing electrical signals for the transmission of coded text messages -
Combine harvester
A machine that can harvest a variety of grain crops through the combination of four harvesting operations -
Oil refining
It is an industrial process plant where petroleum is transformed and refined into useful products -
Oil drilling
Edwin Drake was the first person to oil drill a well in 1859, Pennsylvania. -
Pasteurization
It is a process for food preservation. It uses heat to destroy pathogenic organisms in different foods or drinks. It is named after Louis Pasteur. -
Telephone
the first telephone patent was given to Alexander Graham Bell -
Light bulb
Invention mainly credited to Thomas Alva Edison in 1879. However, in 1809, Humphry David invented the first electric light, the arc lamp. -
Television
The German student Paul Nipkow designs and patents what is considered the first television set in history: the Nipkow disk. -
Steam turbine
The steam is a rotating machine that extracts the pressure energy of the steam and converts it into the mechanical power output.
It is mostly used for electrical power generation . -
Automobile
This invention is attributed to Karl Benz, who invented the first car with a combustion engine. However, in 1769 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built the first steam-powered automobile capable of transporting people. -
Radio
A radio is a device that uses the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency to carry sound messages.
It was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in the 1897 -
Air-conditioning
The modern air-conditioning was invented by Willis Haviland Carrier. This invention controlled both the temperature and humidity -
Aeroplane
The first aeroplane was invented by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur. It is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine. -
Nitrogen fixation
Also known as Haber process or Haber-Bosch process, named after their discoverers Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch. This invention is the industrial procedure of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia by doing a reaction with hydrogen and a metal catalyst. -
Assembly line
It is a manufacturing process in which different parts of the product where place conveyor belt and they where assembled without the need of greater skill worker. -
Penicillin
It was discovered by Alexander Fleming. It is the first antibiotic discovered. Its use is to fight bacterial infections -
Nuclear fission
It was a discovery made by Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann, Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch.
The splitting of a nucleus into two large fragments and a small number of neutron -
semiconductor transistor
A device that can be used to both conduct and insulate electric current or voltage. -
The pill
It is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women. -
Green Revolution
The term "Green Revolution" was first used by William S. Gaud, the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, in a speech. -
Internet
The first network was called ARPANET and was invented during the Cold War for military use only, in order to access military information from anywhere in the country. -
Personal computer
It is an electronic device began with the microcomputer intended to be used by one person