-
14th Amendment Ratified
"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (US Constitution)." -
Plessy v. Ferguson
"The ruling in this Supreme Court case upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races (documents.gov)." -
NAACP founded
Goal: translate de jure desegregation into de facto desegregation -
Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board
Results: integration of Orleans Parish, the poorest district in New Orleans -
Brown v. Board of Education
"We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment (Brown v. Board)." -
Rosa Parks
Parks "refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger (Academy of Achievment)." -
Bridges integrated William Frantz
Escorted by US Federal Marshals -
March on Washington
Martin Luther King: "I Have a Dream" speech.
"But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination (MLK online)." -
William Frantz 100% black
Failure to achieve racial integration
