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100
Flying Wooden Pidgeon 300BC
The Greek Archytas made a wooden flying pidgeon that flew by by expelling water vapor. -
100
Aeolipile 50BC
The Greek Hero of Alexandria made an Aeolipile engine: A sphere mounted on pipes with a pot of boiling water and that the water vapor escaped through the pipes and made the wheel spin. -
100
Chinese Fire Arrows
The Chinese discovered gunpowder and used it to fill hollow bamboo shafts and light them for the first fire works called "Fire Arrows". -
Period: 100 to
ROCKETRY by mitchell van eerden
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Jan 1, 1232
First Rockets Used
The First actual "rockets" invented were used as weapons in the battle of kai-fung-fu. The rockets are now used for fire works. -
Jan 1, 1400
Won Who? -Wan Hu
Wan-Hu made a bamboo rocket chair attached to 47 rockets. A servant lit one half of these and the chair blasted off, the second half of the rockets were then ignited automatically. This was most likely the first two stage rocket the world ever saw. -
Jan 1, 1400
Development of Rockets
In England, a monk worked on improving gun powder which increased the range of rockets greatly. In France, Jean froissart discovered if you launched rockets through tubes, they were more accurate. A man in Italy designed a surface going rocket powered torpedo for setting alight enemy ships. -
Newtons Three Laws
Scientific foundations for rocketry were laid by sir Isaac Newton. -
Steam Propelled Cars
Dutch Professor Willem Gravesande, built steam jet propelled cars. -
Weapons
Congreve designed rockets for British Military. -
Sailors
Sailors hunted whales using rocket propelled harpoons launched from a tube held on their shoulder with a blast shield. -
Other Rocket Uses
American and British Inventors found other ways to sue rockets eg. the Congreve rocket was able to carry a line over 1,000 feet to a stranded ship, which saved many lives. -
Liquid Propellants
Russian school teacher Konstantin Tsiolkovsky wrote a report called "Exploration of the Universe with Rocket Propelled Vehicles", which had the idea of using liquid propellants for rockets to get a greater range. -
Robert Goddard
Robert Goddard became the first person to launch a liquid fuel rocket and became the father of modern rocketry. -
Wernher von Braun
Wernher von Braun was a German scientist who made the first V-2 missle used in WWII. The V-2 missle was a small rocket which carried 1 ton of explosices to London from Germany. -
Begginning of the Space Race
The ending of WWII began the space race by former USSR and the United States rushed to germany to get their hands on Germany's rocket technology. The United States began developing Goddard's early idea's -
Sputnik 1 & 2
The USSR launched the first Earth orbiting Artifical satellite called Sputnik 1 into outet space, Soon after, the USSR launched Sputnik 2, Holding Laika, the first dog in space. -
The Space Race Continues and birth of NASA
The United States Army Launched the Explorer 1 satellite. In october, the United States begun the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA. -
Luna 1,2 and 3
Russians launch Luna 1 - the first probe to go near the moon. Luna 2 made the frst crash landing on the moon. The far side of the moon was photographed by the Luna 3 probe. -
Communication Satelites
First telebision / weather satelite TIROS 1. First communications satelite Echo 1 -
First men in space!
Russians launches Venus Probe Venera 1, butlost contact First space flight by Russian Yuri Gagarin for 1 hour in Vostok, his mission: to go around the world once. Gherman Titov spent 25 hours in space in the second Vostok manned flight. First manned American space flight by astronaut Shepard on a sub orbital path. -
Huge progress
First USA orbital flight by John Glenn.
First British built satelite Ariel.
Ranger 4 got TV close up photographs of the Moon
Transatlantic TV programs relayed by the Telstar satelite.
Russians Launched first Mars probe but lost contact -
Progress, Progress, Progress
First maneauverable satelite.
Two spacecraft in orbit at once (Germini 1 & 2)
First spce woman Russian Valentina Tereshkova-Nikolayeva USSR.
Arthur Clarke proposed consept of geo-stationary orbit for global communications. -
Possibilites continue
ESLO established in Europe with 10 member nations.
Close range photographs of moon got film ranger 7 before it hit the moon.
Nimbus 1 in polar orbit got world cloud cover each day.
Mariner 4 got pictures of mars.
First 3 crew spacecraft in Voskhod 1 USSR. -
Space Walk
First Russian space walk by cosmonaut Leonov.
First American space walk by astronaut White.
NASA launched first commercial communications satelite, Intelsat 1 in orbit.
First cosmic-ray measerment outside atmosphere by Soviet Proto 1.
First impact on Venus surface by Soviet Venera 3.
Close-range photo's of mars obtianedfrom USA Marina 4.
Zond 3 took improved photo's of the moon's far side successful spsce docking operation. -
More Progress
First soft landing on moon by Luna 9 (USSR).
Russian probe Venus lands on Venus nut contact lost.
First Circum-lunar probe (USSR).
First USA soft landing on Moon. -
Animals
Saturn 5 rocket tested.
First recovery of circum-launar probe Zond 5 which had animals on board.
First flight around moon: Appolo 8.
NASA orbiting astronomical observatory. -
First man in Space!
First russian manned docking maneuver.
First testing of the Luna moudule: Apollo 9.
Venus 5,6 soft landings on Venus.
First man on moon - USA apollo 11 which carried Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins on a mission to the moon. Armstrong and Aldrin walked on the moon where Neil uttered his famous words "One small step for man, One giant leap for mankind." This mission had many problems. NASA learnt many important things. -
Worldwide involvement.
First JApanese Earth orbiter.
First unmanned Luner vehicle.
X-Ray survey of the sky started by NASA Italian Explorer 42.
France launced Earth orbiter. -
Beyond the Moon
Soviets launch Mars 1 & 2 for first impct on Mars.
NASA launched Mariner 9, the first to orbit mars and send pictures of the surface.
First space lab soviet Salyut 1 visiteed for 22 days by cosmonaut Dobrovolsky Patsayer and Volkov.
First manned lunar rover Apollo 15. -
Lookong from beyond
First astonomical telescope on the moon.
first colour image of Earth. -
Skylabs
Many engineering experiments done by NASA on Skylab. -
Our Star
German Helios 1 launched by NASA to orbit the sun -
Other Planets
Venera 9 & 10 launched to orbit venus.
Transmition of first pictures from another planets surface.
Vikings 1 & 2 visited mars to make first analysis of martian soil. -
Space shuttles re-used
NASA reuses space shuttles.
Voyger 1 reaches saturn and flies withen 78,000 miles of it's cloud tops. Sent back spectackular pictures of it's rings.
First powered Intelsat 5 communications satelite.
First operational orbiter Columbia. -
Continued Progress
Columbia makes it's third flight. -
Relay Stations
Columbia becomes operational, Manned by 4 men.
2 satelites lauched.
International infered satelite discovered comets and possible new solar systems.
Challenger with 4 crew deployed the first tracking and data relay satelite.
Pioneer 10 becomes the first probe to venture into interstella space.
Many expeimants conducted on Challenger. -
Human satelite
First human satelite - Bruce Mcandless. -
Reaching Comets
First probe to reach a comet: Rosetta. -
Uranus
First probe to raech Uranus. -
Living in space
First permanently occupied space station - MIR. -
A year in space
Longest manned space flight - 365 days by Alexander Polyakov -
Neptune
First probe to reach Neptune.
