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Hitler joins the Nazis
Hitler. After Germany’s defeat in WW1, the Nazi party was formed, and Hitler joined. The party promoted German nationalism and anti-semitism. Hitler soon became a public speaker for the party, attracting more and more members. 1919. Hitler was frustrated after Germany’s loss, and felt the Treaty of Versailles was unfair to Germany. Social. -
Mussolini forms Fascist party in Italy
Benito Mussolini. Mussolini breaks from the socialists, and forms the nationalist Fasci di Combattimento, otherwise known as the fascist party. It was a right winged organization that advocated for italian nationalism, and launched a program of terrorism to its opponents. March 23rd, 1919. Many people, including mussolini, yearned for national unity and strong leadership, and fascism brought those ideals to the people. Political. -
Treaty of Versailles is signed
The Allies.
Germany and Hitler.
WWI ended with the signing of the treaty. It was negotiated among the allied powers, with Germany having a very minor role in the treaty.
Germany had to restructure their border and claim liability for their actions.
Written and signed in Paris.
Many territories were given back.
Treaty signed on June 28th, 1919.
The Young and the Dawes plans were cancelled in 1932.
The Allies signed the treaty to end the war and to reduce Germany’s power.
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Washington Naval Conference
US, UK, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, China, Portugal, the Netherlands.
The world’s largest naval powers gathered in Washington, D.C. for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing tensions in East Asia. There were three major treaties that came out of the conference.
Washington, D.C.
1921-1922.
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Mussolini threatens to march on Rome
Mussolini, the Fascist Party, King Victor Emmanuel III, Luigi Facta. The Fascist Party organized an insurrection in late October of the government in Italy (Rome) at the time so Mussolini could take over. The prime minister, Luigi Facta, declared a state of siege in Rome, however King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign the order. The king gave Mussolini control of the government in hopes to avoid problems. October 28/29th, 1922. Widespread discontent. Political. -
Hitler attempts to overthrow Weimar government
Hitler and co. Hitler and the nazi party tried to overthrow the government by taking his supporters to Munich and declaring a national revolution. When Hitler left to deal with other crises, the military overpowered the nazis and put them in jail. They only spent a few months in prison, though. Munich, Bavaria. November 8/9th, 1923. He and the Nazi party were unhappy with how unfairly Germany had been treated in the Treaty of Versailles. Political/social. -
Hitler goes to prison and writes Mein Kampf
Hitler. Hitler is sentenced to 5 years of jail time after convicted of treason for the beer hall putsch. He works on his autobiography, Mein Kampf, but after 9 months in prison, pressure from the nazi party forced his release. Landsberg jail. April 1st, 1924. Hitler was convicted of treason for trying to overthrow the government. Social. -
Kellogg Briand Pact
US, France, Aristide Briand, Franck B. Kellogg, League of Nations
What
It was a treaty that meant war would not be used as an instrument of national policy, and that disagreements would be met peacefully. However, the treaty was ineffective because it did not prohibit wars of self-defense or cancel out any post war treaties of alliance.
Most nations.
August, 1928.
It was created in order to prevent another war, but it wasn’t powerful enough to do so.
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Japan occupies Manchuria, China
Lord Lytton of Great Britain.
Japan.
Japanese armies agreed that they should invade Manchuria.
There was an explosion in a section of Manchuria. Japanese soldiers took this chance to occupy the nearest town.
League told army to retreat and stand down.
League told Japan to withdraw from Manchuria. They ignored that request and left
Manchuria, China.
Japanese soldiers resided in Shenyang.
1932.
Japan invaded Manchuria because they were running out of room from overpopulation.
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Hitler places second in German national elections for President
Paul von Hindenburg. Franz von Papen. Hitler. Hindenburg won re-election in 1932. Hindenburg fired his chancellor and replaced him with Papen, who would then be replaced again by Hitler after being persuaded. A decree was signed to silence people. Germany. Hindenburg re-elected 1932. Decree passed 1933. Hitler wanted power. Political. -
Disarmament Conference in Geneva
Germany. France. Joseph Goebbels. Sixty countries sent delegates to meeting. Germany wanted their army to be on equal level with other countries. Germany didn't get what they wanted, so they seperated from the League. Geneva. First met in February of 1932. Adjourned until a year later. Germany split from the League October 23rd, 1933. Germany wanted to be equal with other countries in terms of military forces. Political. -
Germany withdraws from League of Nations
Germany, League of Nations, Hitler. Hitler announced Germany’s withdrawal from the League of Nations. Right after, Germany increased its army significantly and started taking land from Czechoslovakia and Poland. Hitler withdrew so he could increase the power of Germany without the restrictions of the League. October, 1933. Hitler withdrew so he could increase the power of Germany without the restrictions of the League, and he disagreed with the other Western powers politically. Political. -
Hitler merges offices chancellor and president
Hitler.
After becoming the absolute dictator of Germany, Hitler merged the chancellor and presidential offices together.
Officers then pledged allegiance to Hitler personally.
Germany.
Shortly after Hindenburg’s death on August 2nd, 1934.
Hitler merged the offices in order to gain power and ensure that nobody else would have as much power as he did.
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President von Hindenburg dies
Paul von Hindenburg. Hitler. Hindenburg’s death led to Hitler gaining the full support of the German armed forces, and with their support, he announced himself as the president of Germany.
Hitler then abolishes the office of presidency and declares himself “fuhrer” over the people of Germany, while also keeping his position as chancellor. This gave him unrestricted legal and political power. Germany. Hindenburg died 1934. Hitler used his death to rise to power. Political. -
Great Depression ends in Germany
Hitler. Hjalmar Schacht. Great depression hit Germany the hardest; their economy had hit rock bottom. Schacht was economical advisor, proposed spending money on industrial and electrical programs. Created revenue. Germany. Hit its lowest economical point in 1932. Bounced back 1935. Germany was affected the most largely due to the fact that they depended on American loans. Economical. -
Mussolini invades Ethiopia
Mussolini, the Generals Rodolfo Graziani and Pietro Badoglio, Emperor Haile Selassie. Italy invaded Ethiopia, took the capital Addis Ababa, and exiled the nation’s leader, Emperor Haile Selassie. Mussolini proclaimed Italy’s king Victor Emmanuel III emperor of Ethiopia, and appointed General Badoglio viceroy. League of Nations condemned Italy’s actions, tried to impose economic sanctions on them, but it didn't work. 1935-1936. Mussolini wanted more land. Political. -
Hitler militarizes the Rhineland
Hitler. Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by sending Germany military into Rhineland. The Rhineland, according to the treaty, was to be demilitarized, but 4 years after the Locarno pact, which reaffirmed the boundaries set in place, Hitler denounces the pact, canceled the military causes, and remilitarized the Rhineland. March 7th, 1936. Hitler and the nazi party promised vengeance against the allied nations that forced the Treaty of Versailles. Political. -
Italy withdraws from the League
The League of Nations, Mussolini, Italy.
Italy withdrew from the League of Nations.
Italy.
1937.
The League imposed economic sanctions on Italy after Mussolini invaded Abyssinia.
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Japanese invasion of China
Japan. China. China resisted advances from Japan, who was trying to take their territory. Japan had a strong hold on Manchuria; this compromised Chinese sovereignty. Tokyo declared China a Japanese preserve in 1934. Manchuria and Tokyo. War started in 1937. Japan wanted the natural resources in China, and also wanted to gain more power as a nation. Political. -
Hitler and Nazi Germany annex Austria
Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg. Hitler. Nazis wanted Germany and Austria to combine, Hitler forced nazis into Austrian cabinet. Invaded Austria and were met with postitivity. Whole movement started because Hitler wanted more power. Political. -
Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia
Hitler. Mussolini. French and British prime ministers. The people listed above signed the Munich Pact, which was to give Germany a part of Czechoslovakia which house 3 million Germans, but it also gave Germany 70% of its iron and steel, and 70% of its electrical power. In doing so, Hitler had no problems taking over the rest of Czechoslovakia. September 30th, 1938. Hitler wanted resources and to spread nazi ideals. Political. -
Hitler and Nazi Germany gain Sudetenland
Hitler. Konrad Henlein. Mussolini. French Premier Edouard Daladier and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. Emil Hacha. Munich pact signed. Hitler received Sudetenland and Czech resources. Hitler had his troops reside in Prague after threatening Hacha. The Munich Pact was signed on September 30th, 1938. Slovakia declared its independence on March 14th, 1939. On March 15th, 1939, Hitler and Hacha had their meeting. Hitler wanted more power. Political. -
Hitler signs alliance w Mussolini
Hitler. Mussolini. Italy had to choose ally, and they chose Germany. Signed the treaty in Berlin. Italy sided with Germany because they were powerful. Political. -
Hitler and Stalin sign non-aggression pact
Hitler. Stalin. They surprised the world by signing a nonaggression pact for the next 10 years. It also included a secret agreement on how they would divide up eastern Europe. It fell apart in 1941 when Nazi forces invaded the Soviet Union. Germany and the Soviet Union. August 23rd, 1939. Stalin viewed the pact as a way to keep his nation peaceful with Germany, while letting him build up a Soviet army. Hitler viewed it as a way to make sure Germany was unopposed when invading Poland. Political. -
Germany invades Poland
Hitler. He invades Poland from the land and the air, dropping bombs on them to destroy their air capacity, railroads, communication lines, and munition dumps, and also with an overwhelming number of troops, tanks and artillery. Poland was equipped for this attack, and was very easily taken over. September 1st, 1939. Hitler wanted to regain territory and secure power over Poland. Political. -
Britain and France declare war on Nazi Germany
France. Britain. Germany. A British ocean liner was sunk by Germany, killing 112 passengers. Britain's response was to drop 13 tons of anti-nazi propaganda leaflets over Germany. They then began bombing German ships the next day. France began and attack 2 weeks later, but was weakened by the 90 mile wide window, which had been mined by Germany. September 3rd, 1939. A response to the invasion on Poland. Political. -
France surrenders and is occupied by Nazi Germany
Marshal Henri Petain. Paul Reynaud. General Charles de Gaulle. Pierre Laval.
Germany had set out on a conquest of France and succeeded. Petain signed an armistice with the nazis.
France.
1940, Germany had ended its conquest of France, and on June 22nd, Petain signed the armistice with the nazis.
1942, Laval got close to Hitler.
1944, Normandy was invaded. Laval executed in 1945, Petain sentenced to life imprisonment. Died in 1951.
Germany wanted to gain control over France.
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Japan, Italy and Germany sign Tripartite Pact
Japan, Italy, Germany.
Japan, Italy, and German all become allies. It meant that they would provide assistance to each other in the war. 1940. They agreed politically. Political.
