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Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts was a law that forced colonists to sell their raw materials to England even if they could sell them somewhere else for a better deal. -
Molasses Act
A British law passed in 1733 that taxed molasses, rum, and sugar imported into the North American colonies from non-British countries. -
Fort. Ness.
George Washington improvised and set up his own small fort near Fort Duquesne and called it Fort Necessity. His fort then went under attack by the French and their Native American allies. Since the French and the Native Americans teamed up against George Washington's militia it forced Washington's soldiers to surrender. -
French and Indian War
It was a war originally between the natives with French against the British but few years later it turned into a war with the natives and the French and started in 1756. It was a long process and eventually ended in Feb 1763. -
Sugar Act
-1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act on the Colonists
An ‘Act’ can be looked at as a synonym for a ‘Tax’
This new tax lowered the tax on molasses imported to the colonies
The idea was that a lower tax:
Would lower the price, and encourage more people to buy
Encourage Colonists to stop smuggling
It also allowed officer to seize accused smugglers goods without going to court -
Stamp Act
In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act
-A small tax on all printed materials
Newspapers
Wills
Playing cards
Documents opposition stamp act
Patrick Henry, VA House of Burgesses- “...the only and sole exclusive right and power to lay taxes [on its citizens]”.
Sam Adams started the Sons of Liberty started burning Effigies in the streets of Boston
Met in NY at the Stamp Act Congress. Drafted a letter stating only colonial assemblies could tax colonists
People boycotted refusing the buy goods -
Declaratory Acts
Congruently with repealing the Stamp act, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act
Declaratory Act: Parliament has the right to tax and make decisions for British colonies “in all cases!!!" -
Townshend Act
-The Stamp Act was an INTERNAL TAX (within the colonies)
-The Townshend Acts was an EXTERNAL TAX (tax on imported good)
A tax on imported goods
-GLASS
-LEAD
-PAPER
-TEA
-PAINT
-By this point in the Colonies, ANY British taxes angered colonists
-Women supported another boycott
-Encouraged colonists to wear homemade fabrics and domestic goods
-Women started the Daughters of Liberty -
Hessian Soldiers are hired by King George III
The King rejected the petition, and prepared for War He hired more than 30,000 German mercenaries called Hessians to fight alongside British troops The Continental Congress learned that British troops in Canada was planning on attacking New York Deciding to strike first, Congress sent Patriot troops from Ft. Ticonderoga to attack Montreal
-Patriot victory -
Boston Massacre
-March 5th, 1770 a fight occurred between Bostonians and British Soldiers
-The mob of Bostonians were fired on
-When the smoke cleared 5 lay dead and 3 injured
Among the dead was Crispus Attucks
Part Native American part African
As well as a 11 year old boy named Christopher Seider
This is known as the Boston Massacre -
First Continental Congress
In 1774 the Continental Congress agreed to meet again if the British did not address their complaints. In fact, as the battles at Lexington and Concord in 1775 showed, the dispute between the British and the Colonies had worsened -
General Gage takes over Boston
The military Governor, General Thomas Gage, of Boston had order from Parliament to seize weapons and arrest leaders of the Massachusetts militia
Gage had learned that there was a stockpile of arms and ammunitions 20 miles northeast of Boston in Concord
He ordered Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to take 700 troops, “to Concord where you will seize and destroy all the artillery and ammunition you can find.” -
Intolerable Acts
In response to the boston Tea Party, the parliament passed the coercive Acts
Coercive Acts, 1774, is also known as the ‘intolerable Acts’. Intolerable means painful and unbearable
The crown was trying to cut massachusetts off from the rest of the colonies
Instead, the coercive Acts drew the colonies together
Other colonies sent food and clothing to support Boston
Many colonists believed these new laws violated their rights as Englishmen. -
Quartering Acts
Permitted the requisition of unoccupied buildings at first, to house British troops.
Actions/ reactions (further explanation) to the intolerable Acts
The one coercive acts that was applied to all of the colonies was the Administration of Justice Act
This loss of self- government was designed to make colonists think before any action against the crown was made. A royal governor was placed in charge -
Administration of Justice
British officials charge with a capital offense had to be tired in another colony or England -
Quebec Act
A government for Canada was created, and extended its territory all the way south to the Ohio River
The colonists were trapped -
Paul Revere's Ride
The night of April 18th, 1775, Dr. Joseph Warren, a colonial protest leader, noticed troops marching out of the city Dr. Warren alerted Paul Revere and William Dawes, who were members of the Sons of Liberty
Revere and Dawes rode to Lexington, a town east of Concord, spreading news - “The British are coming!!” A British Patrol would later capture Revere, and Dawes would turn back. The message is carried to Concord by Samuel Prescott -
Battles of Lexington and Concord
In 1774 the Continental Congress agreed to meet again if the British did not address their complaints. In fact, as the battles at Lexington and Concord in 1775 showed, the dispute between the British and the Colonies had worsened -May 10th, 1775 the Second Continental Congress met
-Some of these people had met during the Continental Congress first session
-John and Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and George Washington to name a few -
Fort Ticonderoga
Benedict Arnold raised a 400 man militia to seize Fort Ticonderoga in N, near lake Champlain
This was a key location, but it also had a stockpile of military supplies Ethan ALlen of Vermont, with the Green Mountain Boys, was also planning to attack Ticonderoga. After ‘agreeing’ to work together, Fort Ticonderoga surrendered on 5.10.1775 (Bait and switch tactic) -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Following the Lexington and Concord, more Colonists joined militias
Soon the militia around Boston grew to around 2000 men
Boston stayed under control of British troops
June.16.1775 - The Militia set up posts on Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill, which were across the harbor from Boston.
After seeing this and forming a plan, the British attacked the next day
Redcoats assembled at the foot of Breed’s Hill, with fixed bayonets, and charged the hill. -
Olive Branch Petition
A Petition is a formal request The Olive Branch Petition was assured King George III that the colonists wanted peace, and asked to protect their rights The King rejected the petition, and prepared for War He hired more than 30,000 German mercenaries called Hessians to fight alongside British troops -
Benedict Arnold failed to take Quebec
The attack on Quebec, led by Benedict Arnold, failed. Patriots faced winterm heavy snow storms, and were low on supplies
-British victory Washington arrived in the Boston area in July 1775, shortly after the battle of Bunker Hill The Militia ringed the city, and moral was good. Everyday the size of the Militia grew with new recruits showing up. But Washington realized that he was lacking key factors for a victory -
Washington takes Boston
He tasked General Henry Knox with moving almost 60 cannon 300 miles - Ft. Ticonderoga to Boston - Through the Winter of 1775 By Spring, March, 17th, 1776, Washington thought his troops were ready to fight, and the cannons made it from Northern New York The night of March 16th, 1776, Washington had his cannons into positions overlooking Boston, while the Redcoats were all tucked in -
DOI is signed (Declaration of Independence)
Thomas Jefferson wanted people to have their own freedom so they brought of an idea of DOI on July 2, 1776 and they signed it two days later on July 4, 1776 -
Second Continental Congress
-May 10th, 1775 the Second Continental Congress met
-Some of these people had met during the Continental Congress first session
-John and Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and George Washington to name a few
However some new and very important people were in attendance for the Second Continental Congress