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1451
Christopher Columbus
~Made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain
~He was the first to make a successful round-trip voyage across the Atlantic
~His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls, and spice awaited.
~King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who had helped finance his trip when he came back from Spain.
~He died on May 20, 1506 -
1476
Francisco Pizarro
~He was born in Trujillo, Caceres, Spain
~He was a Spanish conquistador
~He was a cousin to Hernan Cortes
~He led the expedition that conquered the Inca Empire
~He was assassinated in June 26, 1541 -
1485
Hernan Cortes
~He was a Spanish conquistador
~He left from Spain in the year of 1504
~In the new world he was granted as the encomienda
~He also led the expedition of the conquered the Aztec Empire
~He died in 1547 -
1492
The Columbian Exchange
~A word made by a historian named Alfred Crosby
~It was described as the interchange of plants, animals, and disease between the Old World and the Americans
~It transformed the lives of the Europeans and the Natives by their social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic.
~It was able to benefit the Native Americans
~This was a real turning point in history because it altered the way people lived across the world. -
1501
Malintzin
~She was a noble woman from the Yucatan Peninsula
~Given as gift to Cortes after the Spaniards defeated the Tabascans in battle in 1519.
~She spoke two languages Mayan and Nahuatl, and later learned Spanish.
~Served as main interpreter when Cortes met Montezuma.
~She married Juan Jaramillo in 1526...lost track of her after this. -
The Navigation Acts
~Regulated colonial commerce by requiring that only english colonial ships could carry cargo between imperial ports
~It ended in 1651
~The effects of the acts was their was smuggling of goods
~The king started becoming more involved in England’s colonies
~This also caused resentment in the colonies and contributed to the American Revolution -
George Grenville
~He born into an influential political family and first entered Parliament in 1741
~He was a British Whig statesman who rose to a English prime minister
~Also known as of the policy of taxing the American colonies
~He initiated the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Sugar Act of 1764
~This also started the train of events that lead to the American Revolution -
The Great Awakening
~It was a period of increased religious activity
~This was also a response towards the Enlightenment
~Gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of the need of salvation by Jesus Christ
~Message of spiritual equality appealed to slaves in the south
~Revivalists Encouraged emotional involvement
~Ended in 1740 -
The Seven Year War (French and Indian War)
~It ended with the Treaty of Paris
~British were economically unstable after the war
~In order for them to get back up they needed to pay for the war.
~This is when the British began to make the colonies pay for the war by paying taxes.
~This led to the Stamp act in March 22, 1765 -
Sugar Act
~Passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of 1764
imported by the colonies so as to give British sugar growers in the ~West Indies a monopoly on the colonial market.
~Impact rather than the constitutional issue of taxation without representation that was the main focus for the colonists
~Increased enforcement of smuggling laws
~It ended on April 5, 1764 -
Stamp Act
~Was passed by the British parliament
~Required American colonies to pay taxes on every printed paper they used
~They reacted by not paying the taxes
~The money for paid for the French and Indian War (also known as the 7 years war)
~It was repealed on March 18, 1766 -
Townshend Acts
~The british tryed to think of ways to get money out of the colnits so they prefer to pay taxes on imported goods
~Lead to the creation of the Daughters of Liberty and The Boston Tea Party.
~This act impacted boston the most because taxes were on lead, glass, paint, tea, & paper.
~Bostons economy relied on these goods which is why they tried to uprise.
~It was repealed in 1767 -
The Boston Massacre
~It was also known as the first battle of the revolutionary war
~A group of angry colonists started throwing snowballs and rocks at the soldiers that were guarding a building
~The soldiers started shooting their guns towards the colonists
~The British officer was conflicted murdering all the colonists, along with eight other soldiers
~Theis ensure people to know the danger of the troops stationed with the colonists -
Tea Act
~Main purpose was to help the British East India Company get out of their struggles
~The british government granted the company a monopoly on the importation and sell of tea in the colonies
The colonists could not purchase any tea from a different company
The colonists did not like this so they got into one of the British East India ships and dumped out all the tea
~It ended on December 16, 1773 -
The Boston Tea Party
~Passed by Parliament on May 10 and granted on behalf of the East India Company.
~Tea sales were given out in the American Colonies.
~It had existed since the Revenue Act passed.
~Reducing amounts of tea.
~Britain thought they could have a cheaper price on tea than the American Colonists. -
The Intolerable Act
~A series of harsh acts passed by British Parliament
~It was meant to punish the Colonists for the Boston Tea Party and other protests
~Quartering Acts - House British soldiers
~Boston Port Bill- Closing Bostons harbor to stop trade
~Massachusetts Government Act- Did Not allow Colonists to have there own government and now they were controlled by the king
~Quebec Act- Removed all the territory and fur trade between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers -
First Continental Congress
~First meet in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia
~Discuss the list of grievances they had towards the british and the king
~12 of the 13 colonies participated in this congress
~This was in reaction to the intolerable acts
~The congress passed the continental association in its declaration of resolves to boycott all british goods -
Lexington and Concord
~During the battle, some of the British soldiers were sent out to confiscate some weapons that the in the colonial
~They ran into some trouble trying to get the weapons
~Who they ran into were untrained and angry militia
~The ragtag army defeats 700 British soldiers
~This started a huge kick off towards the American Revolutionary War -
Common Sense
~Common Sense was a pamphlet advocating independence from ~Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.
~It encouraged people to fight for their Government.
~Paine marshaled moral and political arguments when Common Sense was created.
~People found Common Sense a mediate sensation.
~It was sold and distributed widely and was read aloud in meetings and taverns.
~Common Sense started in 1775 and ended 1776. -
The Declaration of Independence
~There were 56 signatures in the declaration of independence
~Founding fathers included the enlightenment thinker’s ideas
~This paper was used to declare freedom from the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain
~When it was finished the war for independence began
~Several of the future presidents also signed the Declaration of Independence
