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1330
petrarch identifies the "dark ages"
Francesco Petrarch italian scholar and poet coined the term "dark Ages", emphasizing the need to revive classical knowledge, starting the renaissance -
Period: 1347 to 1351
the black Death
A plague that killed millions across Eurpoe, leading to economic and social shifts that helped set the stage for the Renaissance -
1453
The fall of Constantinopole
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople led to Greek scholars fleeing to Italy, bringing classical texts with them -
1491
Christopher columbus's first voyage
Columbus's expedition, funded by Spain, led to European exploration and the colonization of both Americas. -
Period: 1503 to 1506
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona lisa
One of the most famous paintings in history, showing Renaissance ideals of realism, perspective, and human emotion. -
1512
the completion of the Sistine chapel ceiling
Michelangelo finished painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, one of the greatest art pieces in the renassince -
1517
martin Luther's 95 theses
Luther's writings challeneged the Catholic Church sparking the protestant reformation which had ties to the renaissance humanist thought -
1543
Copernicus publishes on the revolutions of the celestial shperes
This work proposed the heliocentric model, revolutionizing astronomy and challenging medical views -
1572
the st barthomews day massacre
A violent event during the French wars of religion, reflecting the religious tensions fueled by the renaissance era reforms -
the defeat of the Spanish armada
1588 marks the year of Spain's Dominance declining and the rise of England. Influencing European politics and trade during the late Renasissance -
willia Shakespeare's first play preforms
Shakespeare began writing and performing works that reflected renaissance themes of humanism, individualism, and classical influence. His plays like Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet continue to influence literature and theater today