-
One tea farm
-
Unis in Bombay, Madras, Calcutta
Elite schools such as Rajkumar College, Mayo College, Bombay's Cathedral School
Produce "westernised Oriental Gentlemen" - racistly abbreviated to WOGs -
Period: to
Around 60,000 Indians entered uni
Overwhelmingly in Arts
Some 2000 in law -
Period: to
Graduates of 3 unis accounted for approx 1100 appointments to gov service
-
Period: to
1712 students from Calcutta graduated
A third entered government service
Slightly more went into legal profession -
Battle of Gwalior
Reasserted British control -
India passed into direct rule of the Crown
Railways - geared to needs and control of trade
Markets for agricultural produce - encouraged high value cash crops (rice and wheat) at cost of lower value grains - dependent on food imports, consumption per head declined
Irrigation + land improvement - only 6% of land
Cheap British manufacturers - unable to develop their own viable industries
Schools and unis - only the elite
Jobs - minority could obtain, physically demanding + racially segregated
Poverty - famine and death rates high -
Period: to
Viceroy Canning exhaustive tour to win back people dispossessed or alienated by British rule
Some lands and titles returned to Indians
Stars of India medal introduced
Positions in Indian Imperial Assembly or Statutory Civil Service shared amongst Indian nobility
More educational institutes + teaching in English -
Period: to
Mary Carpenter visited India 4 times
Helped establish corps of British teachers in India
Girls school in Bombay and Ahmedabad
College to train female Indian teachers -
Discovery of Diamonds in West Griqualand
-
British annexed Basutoland
Claimed that indigenous Africans wanted protection against Boers -
295 tea farms
-
British took West Griqualand
Annexation of 2000 Griqua people -
Formation of East Griqualand
Griqua people trekked eastwards to escape British rule -
East Griqualand annexed by British
-
British proposed federation
Boers rejected -
Xhosa War
British disarmed neighbouring communities
Annexed them to the Cape
Boers maintained independence in East Transvaal - were less successful with Pedi people
Boers reluctantly accepted British aid -
British invasion of Zululand
British defeated at Isandlwana - retreat
Reinforcements sent
British army defeated Zulus at Ulundi
Town burnt to the ground
Zululand incorporated into Natal -
Boers declared independence
-
British failure at Majuba Hill
150 Britons killed -
Convention of Pretoria
Recognised Boer self-government in Transvaal
British still had right over external affairs -
Egypt under control of British
-
Germans in south west Africa
Raised British fears that Boers might form alliance with Germans -
British annexed Bechuanaland
Territory between German SW Africa and Transvaal
Strategic attempt to prevent joining of German and Boer colonies -
Gold discovered at Witwatersrand
Sought by trading companies
Bough about Uitlanders - non Boers who moved to area -
Cecil Rhodes gains charter for company
Wanted to create continuous British route from Cape to Egypt -
Rhodes established fort in Salisbury, Mashonaland
Home to Shona people
Forced another area under British control