Reformation

By GDSolomon28
  • 1439

    Johannes Gutenberg "invents" the printing press.

  • 1483

    Martin Luther Born

  • 1492

    1492 Reconquista ends in Spain ; Columbus' First Voyage

  • 1500

    Michelangelo Finishes the Pieta.

  • 1501

    Martin Luther Begins Studying Law

  • 1505

    Martin Luther Becomes a Monk

  • 1506

    Leonardo da Vinci Completes the Mona Lisa

  • 1509

    Henry VIII Becomes King of England

  • 1511

    Raphael Completes the School of Athens

  • 1512

    Michelangelo Finishes Sistine Chapel Celling

  • 1512

    Luther Begins Teaching at University of Wittenberg

  • 1513

    Machiavelli writes the Prince.

    This work introduces a realist and amoral approach to politics that advises princes and leaders to appear religious and moral but be ready to sacrifice morals and virtues at any moment and use whatever force or tactic is necessary to hold onto power. As a Humanist, Machiavelli draws heavily from classical examples to support his points.
  • 1515

    Luther Has Breakthrough While Studying Scripture

    While teaching on Romans, Luther realizes faith and justification are the work of God
  • 1516

    Erasmus publishes his Latin and Greek translation of the New Testament

  • 1517

    The Ottomans Gaun Control of Egypt and the Levant

  • 1517

    Zwingli Begins Reforms in City of Zurich

  • Oct 31, 1517

    Luther Posts 95 Theses

  • 1519

    Charles V Becomes Holy Roman Emperor

  • 1519

    Leipzig Disputation

    Luther publicly debates his ideas.
  • 1521

    Cortez Conquers the Aztecs for Spain in Mexico

  • 1521

    Diet of Worms

  • 1522

    Magellan's Crew Completes Sailing Around the Globe

  • 1524

    German Peasants War

    Thus inspires Luther to leave the tower to bring order to his reforms.
  • 1525

    Luther Marries Katie

  • 1526

    Suleman the Magnificent Conquers Balkans, Hungary

    The Ottoman Empire now controls much of southern and Central Europe
  • 1527

    1527 Ottomans Stooped at Vienna

    With the aid of Protestant forces, Charles V stops the Ottoman conquest of the Holy Roman Empire.
  • 1527

    Protestant Reformation Begins in Sweden along Lutheran Lines

  • 1529

    The Colloquy of Marburg

    Luther and Zwingli (along with other Swiss Reformers) split.
  • 1529

    Henry VIII Begins Seeking Divorce from Catherine of Aragon

  • 1530

    The Augsburg Confession Outlines Lutheranism

  • 1532

    Pizzaro Conquers the Incas

  • 1532

    John Calvin becomes Protestant

  • 1534

    Canada Claimed for the French

  • 1534

    Henry VIII Declared Supreme Head of Church of England

  • 1534

    Anti-Catholic Protest Begins in France

  • 1535

    Anabaptists take over Muenster

    The rebellion ends in violence, turning many against Anabaptists.
  • 1536

    Henry VIII Begins to Dissolve Monasteries in England

  • 1536

    Calvin publishes first version of Institutes

  • 1538

    Calvin Kicked Out of Geneva

  • 1539

    Spanish explore middle of North America

  • 1540

    Jesuits Founded

  • 1541

    Calvin Invited to Return to Geneva

  • 1543

    Copernicus publishes his theory that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun

    This overturns the Classical and Medieval cosmology.
  • Period: 1545 to 1563

    Council of Rewnt

  • 1547

    Ivan the Terrible Named First Tzar of Russia

    This creates the modern Russian Empire. The title Tzar is "Caesar". Russia is declaring itself the continuation of the Byzantine/Roman Empire in Eastern Europe
  • 1547

    Edward I becomes King of England

  • 1549

    Key Swiss Reformers Come to Agreement on Key Issues

  • 1553

    1553 Mary Tudor Becomes Queen of England

  • 1558

    Elizabeth I Becomes Queen of England

  • 1559

    The Act of Uniformity makes the 1559 Book of Common Prayer the standard in the Church of England

    Those who see it as not going dar enough become the early Puritans.
  • 1560

    Scottish Parliament Declares Scotland Protestant

  • 1560

    Protestant Plot to Kidnap French King Discovered

  • 1562

    French Wars of Religion Begin

    Prominent Protestant and Catholic noble families fight for control.
  • 1564

    Calvin Dies

  • 1565

    St. Augustine Florida Founded by Spanish

    This is the oldest continuously inhabited city founded by Europeans in North America
  • 1568

    Mary, Queen of Scots, Flees to Elizabeth for Protection

  • 1571

    Thirty Nine Articles Define Anglicanism

  • 1572

    Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day,

    Greatest massacre of Protestants (Huguenots) in France
  • 1579

    Protestant Dutch Republic Declares Itself Independent from Spain

    Elizabeth and the English support the Dutch.
  • 1582

    Pope Gregory XIII issues the Gregorian calendar, replacing the Julian Calendar

    Initially, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox countries refuse to adopt it.
  • Period: to

    Failed English Colony of Roanoke

    This was the first attempt at English colonization of North America.

  • Mary, Queen of Scots is executed by Elizabeth I.

  • England Defeats Spanish Armada

  • First Shakespeare Plays Published

  • Romeo and Juliet Gains Shakespeare Popularity

  • Globe Theater Built

  • Edict of Nantes Ends French Wars of Religion

    Henry of Navarre, the leader of Protestant forces in France, becomes king in exchange for converting to Catholicism. However, he secures greater religious freedom for Protestants (Huguenots)

  • Elizabeth I Dies