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An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown
The Bill of Rights of 1689 is a product of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and an act passed by the Parliament of England. It reaffirmed the rights of the subject and the parliament, and limited the authority of the monarchy. The bill established for the first time a dual monarchy under the leadership of William and Mary. -
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Redefining Europe’s Power Dynamics
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The Spirit of the Laws
Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, published "The Spirit of the Laws" in 1848, one of the most influential publications of the enlightenment era. Montesquieu aims to explain the essence of social insitutions and human laws. -
A Faut Esperer Q'eu.s Jeu la Finira Bentot
"A Faut Esperer Q'eu.s Jeu la Finira Bentot" is a French political cartoon that depicts the political disputes that arose among the three estates in the wake of the French Revolution. In essence, it argues the overall political and economic domination of the nobility and clergy in society. -
Germania
"Germania," a painting by Philipp Veit, was a major symbol of German nationalism throughout the 1848 revolutions. It was also used as a representation of the failed Frankfurt Parliament that aimed to unite the German states. It provided a lasting legacy and hope for German nationalism. -
The Gleaners
"The Gleaners" is a realist painting by Francois Millet. It challenges middle-class culture by illustrating subjects who were not viewed as worthy of being painted. It further portrays the daily, repetetive life of peasants and the social distance between them and the wealthy landowners. -
February Revolutions
The February Revolution were a series of protests perpetrated by the proletariat in the Russian cities of Petrograd and Moscow that lasted from February 23-25, 1917. These strikes were driven by the long-term desire to achieve social, economic, and politcal reform.
