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Reconstruction
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Lincoln's Reconstruction Phase
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Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
Lincoln's plan for reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan. This plan Effectively stated that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union as long as ten percent of its voters swore allegiance to the union under an oath. -
Wade-Davis Bill
A Bill that required 50% of a state's white male population to take a loyalty oath to be allowed back into the Union. It also gave blacks the right to vote. -
Black Codes
Laws passed by the southern states in 1865 and 1866, with the intent of restricting people of color's freedom and forced them to work in a labor based economy while receiving low wages or debt, similar to slavery. -
Klu Klux Klan
A group of six confederate veterans from Tennessee created the original Klu Klux Klan (First Group). It lasted from 1865-1871, and they sought to restore white supremacy by means of threats, violence, and murder. -
13th Amendment
an amendment to the constitution that stated "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
Freedman’s Bureau
Established in 1865 by Congress, its goal was to help the millions of former black slaves and the poor white farmers in the south after the Civil War. -
President Lincoln's Death
Actor John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box during a play and fatally shot Lincoln. Booth then jumped out of the presidential box and escaped through the back door after running along the stage. -
Special Field Order 15
A series of Military orders issued by General Sherman during the Civil war. The orders were issued after the famous "March to the Sea". Provided the confiscation of 400,000 acres of land that would be given in small parcels of not more than 40 acres to the approximately 18,000 formerly enslaved blacks and families living in that land. -
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President Johnson's Phase
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Civil Rights Bill of 1866
An Act passed by Congress overturning the Veto of President Andrew Johnson, it declared that any and all people born in the US were now citizens, no matter the race, color, or previous conditions/ arrangement.This act effectively abolished slavery. -
Reconstruction Act
This act laid out the law for the re-admittance of the southern states into the union after the end of the Civil War. -
“Great Constitutional Revolution” concept introduced by Carl Schurz
the laws and amendments of Reconstruction showed the intersection of two products of the civil war. one, the newly empowered national state, and two, the idea of national citizenry enjoying equality before the law of the US. -
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Congressional/ Military Reconstruction Phase
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Impeachment of President Johnson
In 1968, the House of Representatives decided to impeach President Johnson, due to his "high crimes and misdemeanors" going along with Article two in the Constitution of the US. -
14th Amendment
Gave everyone residing in the US citizenship, regardless of color or previous enslavement. -
Share Cropping
Form of agriculture in which there is a main landowner that allows farmers to live on and work their land in exchange for a share of the crops at the end of the harvest. this was used by southern landowners to profit and trap freed slaves back into servitude under debt. -
Scalawags
white southerners who cooperated with the freed people of color and the newcomers from the North. -
15th Amendment
the Amendment stating that the right of citizens to vote will not be denied by the state on accounts of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude. -
Radical Republicans
A faction within the republican Party from around 1854 to 1877. they believed that people of color were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as white people were. -
Enforcement Acts
Three bills passed between 1870-71. these bills were criminal codes which protected the rights of people of color to vote, hold office, serve on juries, and receive law protection. -
Slaughterhouse Cases
Cases in which the Supreme Court ruled that a citizens privileges and immunizes were limited to the rights protected by the 14th amendment, and did not include the specific state rights. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
an act in response to the civil rights violations against people of color, protecting their constitutional rights. -
Bargain of 1877
A informal, unwritten deal that settled the dispute over the 1876 presidential election. It ended with the US pulling the last of the federal troops out of the south, and formally signaled the end of the reconstruction era.
