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Freed the slaves in states, rebellion, and authorizes the enlistment of black troops.
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Lincoln re-elected president
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Provides assistance to emancipate African Americans. Abolished in 1872.
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Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomatox Court House. Joseph E. Johnston's surrender in North Carolina on April 18 effectively ends the Civil War.
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Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes president.
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Abolishes slavery in the United States.
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Southern states enact laws restricting rights of African Americans.
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Confers citizenship on African Americans and guarantees equal rights.
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White civilians and police kill 46 African Americans and destroy 90 houses, schools, and four churches in Memphis, Tennessee.
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Police kill more than 40 black and white Republicans and wound more than 150.
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A secret organization to intimidate African Americans and restore white rule is founded in Pulaski, Tennessee.
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Congress divides the former Confederacy into five military districts and requirs elections in which African American men can vote.
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By one vote, the U.S. Senate fails to remove the president from office.
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Guarantees due process and equal protection under the law to African Americans.
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The former Union general becomes the 18th president
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Tennessee is the first state to replace a bi-racial Republican state government with an all-white Democratic government, followed by Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia in 1870.
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Hiram Revels of Mississippi elected to U. S. Senate as the first black senator
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Extends the vote to all male citizens regardless of racer or previous condition of servitude.
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Five black members in the House of Representatives: Benjamin S. Turner of Alabama; Josiah T. Walls of Florida; and Robert Brown Elliot, Joseph H. Rainey and Robert Carlos DeLarge of South Carolina.
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P. B. S. Pinchback, acting governor of Louisiana from December 9, 1872 to January 13, 1873. Pinchback, a black politician, was the first black to serve as a state governor, although due to white resistance, his tenure is extremely short.
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For the first time since before the Civil War, Democrats control both houses of Congress. Robert Smalls, black hero of the Civil War, elected to Congress as representative of South Carolina. Blanche K. Bruce elected to U. S. Senate.
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For the first time since before the Civil War, Democrats control both houses of Congress. Robert Smalls, black hero of the Civil War, elected to Congress as representative of South Carolina. Blanche K. Bruce elected to U. S. Senate.
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Republicans challenged the validity of the voting in Souh Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.
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The election of Hampton, a leader in the Confederacy, confirms fears that the South is not committed to Reconstruction
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President Rutherford Hayes withdraws federal troops from the South protecting the Civil Rights of African Americans.
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Electoral Commissoin awards disputed electoral votes tot he republican candidate.
