Realism

  • Honoré de Balzac begins to work on "La Comédie humaine" ("The Human Comedy")

  • Gustave Flaubert publishes "Madame Bovary"

  • Charles Dickens publishes "Great Expectations"

  • The emancipation of the serfs in Russia

  • Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes "Notes from Underground"

  • Abraham Lincoln is assassinated and Andrew Johnson becomes president.

  • Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery in the U.S.

  • Passage of the Fourteenth Amendment grants citizenship to all people born in the U.S., including former slaves.

  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony establish the National Woman Association.

  • Leo Tolstoy publishes "War and Peace"

  • Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment grants voting rights to all qualified men, regardless of race or previous condition of servitude.

  • The British Parliament passes a bill providing public elementary education in England and Wales

  • George Eliot publishes "Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life"

  • Financial panic leads economic depression in U.S.

  • Civil Rights Act guarantees all Americans, regardless of race; equal access to public accommodations.

  • Leo Tolstoy publishes "Anna Karenina"

  • Founding of Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Union

  • Supreme Court declares Civil Rights Act of 1875.

  • Literacy continues spreading throughout Europe

  • Wyoming is the first state to give women the right to vote.

  • William McKinley is assassinated and Theodore Roosevelt becomes president.

  • Formation of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People