-
Soviet counterattack campaign
Russian soldiers raped nearly 1 million German women, after they occupied Berlin. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 1: All humans born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruelty, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
These were some of the rights that were released which included ALL humans. -
Period: to
Conventions and Protocols
During this period there were many conventions such as the one in Geneva where rape was now considered a crime against "dignity". Also numerous locations and places now started to consider rape as a crime against physical and mental integrity. Which is a major advance in the rape as a weapon history. -
Period: to
War broke out and rape was one of the main weapons
1981, a silent holocaust was happening in Guatemala, where the Maya community was the targeted and 200,000 people died, and there were countless rapes which to occurred to "ethnically cleanse the Maya people.
In 1992 another way broke out in Yugoslavia due to ethic related issues. Ethic cleanings started here as well, and rape camps were set up and women/girls were captured and raped so they could become pregnant in order to create bloodlines. 20,000-50,000 women and girls were at these camps. -
State of World's Children Reports:
Teenage girls now became a target in Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia. -
Japan is condemned for sexual slavery
After a long while, Japan's "comfort women" idea was finally seen for what it was, and Japan was now condemned for its sexual slavery habits. -
Period: to
Multiple Cases lead to rape being constituted as a war crime
Link text
Video speaks about Rwanda being the first country to see rape as a war crime.
Eventually, trial cases occurred where in conclusion they saw rape as a war crime or a crime against humanity. Trials such as the Prosecutor v. Akayesu, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 1998, the Mejia v. Peru, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 1996 and Aydin v. Turkey, European Court of Human Rights,1997. -
Democratic Republic of the Congo "worst place to be a woman in the world"
200,000 women were raped in Democaratic Republic of the Congo. The rapes were specifically to just terrorize the people, and lead them to not want to retaliate. It was used as a power to move in to the country and take over during war. -
Period: to
Rome Statute, Elements of Crime
2002 - Any kind of penetration anywhere in the body with a sexual organ is now considered rape.The Rome statute of international Criminal Court is established and used to prosecute terrorizers of war for crimes of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Two where rape falls under.
2003 - Rape is not only through physical force but any penetration committed through coercion or through taking advantage of coercive environment. -
Period: to
Security Council Resolution
2008 - Resolution 1820 described rape as a "tactic of war and threat to international security" before rape was considered a side effect of war because men were being deprived of companionship but now it is seen as a war crime.
2009 - Resolution 1889 reaffirms resolution 1325, and urges the UN and civil society to consider protecting and empowering women and girls.
