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3000 BCE
The Abacus
The abacus is a calculation tool that is used to carry out simple arithmetic operations and other more complex ones -
400 BCE
Lever
The lever is a simple machine whose function is to transmit force and displacement. It is composed of a rigid bar that can rotate freely around a fulcrum, called the fulcrum. -
300 BCE
Archimedean srew
An Archimedean screw is a helical gravimetric machine used for lifting water, flour, cereals or excavated material -
100
cement
Cement is a binder formed from a mixture of calcined limestone and clay and subsequently ground. -
100
Paper
text that aims to present the results of an investigation -
100
Literacy
it is the minimum ability to read and write a specific language, as well as a way of understanding the use of reading and writing in daily life -
400
Sailboat
The Egyptians were the first known sailboat builders. They were manufactured at least five thousand years ago to navigate the Nile and later the Mediterranean. -
600
The compass
The compass is an orientation instrument that uses a magnetized needle to indicate the Earth's magnetic north. -
900
gunpowder
an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal -
1000
Paper money
The piece of printed paper that represents a fiduciary value is called paper money or banknote. It replaces metallic currency, which, especially in large quantities, is more uncomfortable to always carry in your hand or pocket. -
1400
The mechanized clock
The mechanical clock comprises an oscillating mechanism that marks the passing of time, and an escapement that counts its beats. By comparison with astronomical systems for measuring time -
1430
print
Printing is a mechanical method designed to reproduce texts and images on paper, vellum, cloth, or other material. -
1582
The Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar is a calendar originating in Europe, currently used officially in almost the entire world -
Optical lenses
transmitting optical device that focuses or scatters a beam of light through refraction -
Moldboard
The moldboard is the part of the body of the plow that raises, reverses, inverts and partly disintegrates the gleba or rectangular prism of land cut by the share and the blade. -
The steam machine
umped water using a vacuum created by condensed steam -
the sextant
The sextant is an instrument that allows to measure the angular separation between two objects, such as two points on a coast or a star, generally the Sun, and the horizon -
The cotton gin
A gin or almarrá is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from things and their seeds, which are sometimes sticky -
Electricity
set of physical phenomena related to the presence and flow of electric charges -
Fotography
it is the art and technique of obtaining long-lasting images due to the action of light. ... The term photography is used to describe both the entire process of obtaining these images and their result -
The Telegraph
The telegraph is an apparatus or device that uses electrical signals to transmit coded text messages, such as Morse code, over wire lines or radio communications. -
Anesthesia
Anesthesia is a controlled medical act in which drugs are used to block the tactile and painful sensitivity of a patient, whether in all or part of their body and with or without compromise of conscience. -
Sanitation systems
capture, storage, transport, treatment and disposal or reuse of human excreta and wastewater. Reuse activities within the sanitation system may focus on the nutrients, water, energy or organic matter contained in excreta and wastewater. -
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is a process that consists of lowering or maintaining the heat level of a body or a space -
Oil refining
Petroleum refining is a process that includes the fractionation and chemical transformation of petroleum to produce commercial derivatives. In accordance with this objective, in general, these processes are carried out together in a refinery -
La fabricación del acero industrial
To make steel, a mixture of iron ore and a fuel called Cok has to be thrown into the blast furnace, which in addition to being fuel, separates the impurities
of the rest of the material. -
Oil drilling
The term oil well refers to any drilling in the ground designed with the aim of finding and extracting combustible fluid, be it oil or gaseous hydrocarbons. -
Pasteurization
Pasteurization or pasteurization is a thermal process that is carried out in liquids with the intention of reducing the presence of pathogens that may contain -
The telephone
The telephone came about because they were trying to improve the capabilities of the telegraph. After the telephone was invented, wealthy individuals and large corporations primarily used it as a means of communications between specific locations. -
The internal combustion engine
machine that obtains mechanical energy directly from the chemical energy of a fuel -
Steam turbine
A steam turbine is a motor turbine engine, which transforms the energy of a steam flow into mechanical energy through an exchange of momentum -
The car
The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. -
Vaccines
contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body -
Semiconductor electronics
element that behaves either as a conductor or as an insulator depending on various factors -
Televition
Televisions can be found in billions of homes around the world. But 100 years ago, nobody even knew what a television was. In fact, as late as 1947, only a few thousand Americans owned televisions. How did such a groundbreaking technology turn from a niche invention to a living room mainstay? -
Air-conditioning
On July 17, 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the first modern air conditioning system, thus launching an industrial sector that was to radically improve the way we live, work and act. -
airplane
fixed-wing aerodynamic, or aircraft with higher density than air, equipped with wings and a cargo space -
radio
Guillermo Marconi studied the works of his predecessors such as James Clerk Maxwell -author of the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation-, Hertz, etc. and patented the first radio device in 1897, according to the Nobel Foundation -
Screw
In 1908, square-drive screws were invented by Canadian P. L. Robertson. Twenty-eight years before Henry Phillips patented his Phillips head screws, which are also square-drive screws. -
Assembly line
great line where all the components of the car pass divided into three: engine, bodywork and paint -
Nitrogen fixation
the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle. -
Plant breeding
Humans have been manipulating plant species for almost as long as we've grown them, but it wasn't until scientists in the early 20th century discovered a forgotten 1866 paper by Austrian botanist Gregor Mendel, that we didn't realize how. plant breeding, and later human genetics, works -
Rockets
Robert Goddard (1882-1945) was an American physicist who sent the first liquid-fueled rocket aloft in Auburn, Massachusetts, on March 16, 1926. He had two U.S. patents for using a liquid-fueled rocket and also for a two- or three-stage rocket using solid fuel, according to NASA -
penicillin
are antibiotics from the group of beta-lactams widely used in the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria -
harvest machine
The combine harvester or combine harvester is an agricultural machine that mows, threshes and cleans, that is, harvests the products of the main crops. -
Nuclear fission
fission is the division of a nucleus into lighter nuclei, in addition to some by-products such as free neutrons, photons and other fragments of the nucleus such as alpha and beta particles in addition to a large amount of energy -
Internet
global network of computer networks whose purpose is to allow the free exchange of information among all its users -
The pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill, often referred to as the contraceptive pill or colloquially as "the pill," is a type of contraceptive that is designed for women to take by mouth. -
Green Revolution
Green Revolution is the name used internationally to describe the significant increase in agricultural productivity -
Personal computer
A personal computer, personal computer or computer, known as PC is a type of microcomputer designed in principle to be used by a single person. Typically, the acronym PC refers to compatible IBM PC computers.