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Who were the Puritans?
The Puritan movment began in the 16th century and ended in the 17th century, in England. The puritans wanted to "purify" the Church of England. They troubled the English Monarchs and sought out to create their ideal society. They wanted a life free of persecution unlike the Old England. Therefore, they left to New England and created their own set of beliefs. -
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The New England Colonies
3 Important events of the early New England Colonies. -
The Pequot War
The Pequot War took place between July 1636 and September 21, 1638, in New England. The main reason for this war to breakout was because of trade issues between the Native Indians and the English. The Treaty of Hartford officially ended this war. The treaty called for the remaining Pequot to be spread out among the Mohegan and Narragansett, and no longer to be called Pequot. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials, beginning in February 1692 and ending in May 1693, located in Salem, Massachusetts, were comprised of multiple hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft. More than 200 people were accused. 19 people were found guilty and killed by hanging. It was completely shut down due to the bold and immense amount of false accusations. -
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The French and Indian War
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Albany Plan of Union
The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to get all the Northern American colonies under one centralized goverment. Delegates were to come from every state. The proposal was declined by many because colonial governments were scared it would ruin their own authority and territorial rights. -
Pontiac's Rebellion
The British went and tried to attack the American Indians but the American Indians planned a surprise attack. They captured most of the British forts in the Ohio Valley and along the Great Lakes. The British called the uprising the Pontiac's Rebellion after an Ottawa chief named Pontiac. -
Salutary Neglect
The salutary neglect began in 1609 and ended in 1763. It was an undocumented British policy which kept no strict enforcement of parliament laws. This allowed for the America's to be more susceptible to British rule. When parliament tried to impose taxes, colonists objected, and believed only their own elected officials had that power. -
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Causes of Revolution
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Proclamation of 1763
The British enforced this proclamation which ordered colonial settlers to remain east of the Appalachian Mountains. The boundary set by the proclamation couldn't protect the American Indians. It also irritated colonists who resented efforts to limit their expansion. -
Stamp Act
Starting in 1765, the act required that legal documents and printed materials need to have a tax stamp. The colonists had to pay tax on almost all printed materials. This was the first time Parliament imposed a direct tax on the colonies. -
Quartering Act
This act required the colonies to provide housing and care to British soldiers stationed there after the French and Indian War. Many people did not like the idea but accepted it because they trusted Parliament's right to regulate trade and provide for defense. -
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Adams Presidency
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XYZ Affair
Adams wanted to smooth out the relationship and improve trade with France after we had refused to help with privateers. He sent diplomats to Paris. French foreign minister Talleyrand refused to speak with them. Three low level officials came instead and these spies were known as X, Y, and Z. The spies said Adams need to pay money to see Talleyrand. -
Alien & Sedition Acts
These four acts aimed to curb criticism of administration policies and prevent internal subversion. The first act demanded citizenship to be awarded to those of residency of 14 years. This was used to tighten control over immigrants or those who criticized the government. It allowed for the deportation of immigrants and the indictment of critical media influencers. -
Dividing the Northwest Territory
The Northwest Territory was divided into two parts. The border was running north of the junction of the Ohio and Kentucky Rivers. The western part was known as the Indiana territory and the eastern part was kept as the Northwest Territory. The Northwest Territory came from the Northwest Ordinance from 1787. -
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Jefferson Presidency
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Marbury v Madison
The Supreme court established the principle that they are able to declare an act of congress void if it's inconsistent with the Constitution. This provided the basis for judicial review. The court set a precedent for all other cases. Citizens were now able to have more rights protected. They also can get rid of legislation that they believe is not benefiting the public. -
Louisiana Purchase
The official signing of a peace treaty with France and the purchase of Louisiana offered by Napoleon. The land between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains was purchased from France for about $15 million. Jefferson felt that expanding westward was worth the financial burden. This purchase doubled the size of the United States. -
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark set out on an expedition to the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson mainly said that they were there to explore new lands but they were there to find a Northwest Passage. The Northwest Passage would be able to establish a new trade route that would be beneficial to America. The expedition lasted a year and a half. It was the third official transcontinental crossing in history. -
Tariff of 1816
A tariff on imports designed to protect American industry. This tariff increased the price of imported manufactured goods. Americans were encouraged to buy goods from the US. The tariff hurt farmers who had to pay higher prices for consumer goods. -
Monroe Doctrine
The policy responded to threats by European powers, including France, to help Spain recover Latin American colonies that had declared independence. Monroe issued this doctrine declaring that European monarchies had no business meddling with American republics. In return the US promised to stay out of foreign affairs. -
Erie Canal
It ran 363 miles across New York State from Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It immensely lowered shipping costs. Settlers poured into western New York, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Tolls were able to pay back the cost of construction for the first time in a while. -
"Lowell Girls"
Young female workers who came to work in industrial corporations. The workers recruited by the corporations were daughters of propertied New England farmers, between the ages 15 and 35. The company enforced strict rules of behavior and housed them in boarding houses. After a few years of work, most of the women married and left the factories. Factories sped up the process of production. -
National Road
First major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. Constructed in 1811 and finished in 1837, it connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers. It was a main transport path to the West for thousands of settlers.
