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Period: 460 BCE to 399 BCE
Socrates
• “Early philosopher
– “One thing only I know, and that is I know nothing.”
• Philosophy begins when one learns to doubt (especially one’s cherished beliefs).
• There is no real philosophy until the mind begins to examine itself. “Know Thyself”
Origins
• Comes from the the philosophical underpinnings of three groups (3p’s)
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Physiology
Developed a quest
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/classical-statue-socrates-front-column-664286929 -
Period: 427 BCE to 437 BCE
Plato
• Was a Nativist
• Believed individuals had innate knowledge
• Teach individuals by the Socratic method-- bring out innate ideas by asking the right questions. Everything is in there. All you have to do is ask the right questions.
• Believed knowledge existed in two worlds.
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/plato-vintage-engraved-illustration-magasin-pittoresque-575014603 -
Period: 384 BCE to 322 BCE
Aristotle
• Disagreed
• All knowledge comes from the
• senses and through experience.
• The mind is like a blank writing tablet - Tabula Rasa
• Knowledge should be based on observations of the external world
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/greek-philosopher-aristotle-sculpture-isolated-on-202409776 -
Period: 129 BCE to 199 BCE
Galen
• Most prolific and influential medical author after Hippocrates.
• Strong experimental approach.
• Writings became dominant, authoritative sources
on biology, psychology, and medicine throughout
the middle ages.
• Recapitulated the principle discoveries of
Hippocrates.
• Also experimented extensively on animals (monkeys).
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/historical-collection-3-7665096rf -
Period: 354 to 430
Augustine
• Developed Neoplatoism
• Believed there was a distinction between the sensory world and the world of forms.
• However, also embraced Christianity
• Result Changed Plato’s ideas subtly
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/st-augustinus-augustine-hippo-statue-czechia-739268020 -
Period: to
Karl Marx
-Karl Marx caused revolution in social sciences: in philosophy, in political economy, in the theory of socialism.
- As is known, psychology remained isolated from the influence of Marxism for many years.
-... It was called, A Textbook of Psychology from the Point of View of Dialectic Materialism.
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/karl-heinrich-marx-picture-meyers-lexicon-88123867 -
Period: to
Sigmund Freud
-the co-founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
-Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind, especially involving the mechanism of repression.
-commonly referred to as "the father of psychoanalysis".
HIS PICTURE = https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/sigmund-freud-18561939-1885-when-he-239400238 -
Period: to
Carl Rogers
-Carl Rogers was an influential humanistic psychologist who developed a personality theory that emphasized the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in shaping human personalities.
- ... Human beings develop an ideal self and a real self based on the conditional status of positive regard.
HIS PICTURE = https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogers?file=Carl_Rogers.jpg
