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Infancy: Cognitive Development (Chapter 3)
Sensorimotor:
This stage, is the first stage created by Jean Piaget, lasting from birth to about 2 years old. During this stage, infants and babies discover the world using their senses and motor actions. Often times, infants and babies will put things in their mouths as a way of learning about the things around them.
Personal Experience:
When I was a baby, my mom would have to keep small objects out of my reach because I would put them in my mouth, which risked me choking. -
Infancy: Psychosocial Development (Chapter 4)
Trust vs. Mistrust:
This is the first stage of Erikson's theory and occurs in infants and babies. This consists of the baby learning whether or not the world can be trusted to fulfill their needs. The baby's experiences help determine whether or not the baby trusts the social world.
Personal Experience:
As a baby, I learned to trust my parents because they provided me with food and care, which made me more confident to explore the social world. -
Early Childhood: Cognitive Devlopment (Chapter 5)
Preoperational:
This is the second stage of Piaget's theory, lasting from age 2 to 7. In this stage, children are no longer limited to just sensory or motor skills, but now can think symbolically. Things that are imagined or out of sight can now represented by a symbol.
Personal Experience:
When I was a kid, my brother and I would play with our toys and pretend that they were alive and could talk to each other. -
Early Development: Psychosocial Development (Chapter 6)
Initiative vs. Guilt:
This is Erikson's third stage and consists of children between 3 and 6. At this age, children are excited to try something new and take action, but they then battle with the guilt they feel afterward, depending on whether their actions are met with punishment or discipline.
Personal Experience:
When I was around 5, I had a strong desire to be independent and try things on my own. I would constantly tell my parents to let me do something on my own. -
Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development (Chapter 7)
Concrete Operational:
This is. what Piaget calls middle childhood and consists of children in between 7 and 11. During this period, children start to think logically and use productive thinking. Children are able to understand classification and organize things into groups.
Personal Experience:
During this time, I started to understand that groups, such as animals, can be grouped into many different sub-groups such as mammals and reptiles. -
Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development (Chapter 8)
Industry vs. Inferiority:
This is Erikson's fourth stage of his theory and it occurs in children between roughly 6 and 12. This stage focuses on the child's development of work ethic and desire to reach their goals. Children during this time become more responsible and contribute more to completing tasks or chores.
Personal Experience:
During this this period, I developed a want for achievement and a competitive attitude, making me thrive to pass others in sports and other aspects of life. -
Adolescence: Cognitive Development (Chapter 9)
Formal Operational:
This stage is Piaget's final stage and consists of children from about 12 years old into adulthood. During this time, people begin to develop abstract thinking and logical reasoning. People are no longer limited to concrete ideas and can use evidence to draw logical conclusions.
Personal Experience:
After age 12, it became easier for me to solve puzzle or riddles, and I began to use logic to come up with my own conclusions rather than concrete information. -
Adolescence: Psychosocial Development (Chapter 10)
Identity vs. Role Confusion:
This is Erikson's fifth stage and consists of people from 12 and adulthood. People during this stage are more inclined to discover more about themselves, such as their interests or hobbies. People begin to become more rebellious as they want to know reasoning behind rules or why things occur.
Personal Experience:
In my adolescence, at some points I have questioned my parents about their decisions and rules, only getting me in trouble.