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150 BCE
Seikilos Epitaph
It is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation. -
Jan 1, 900
Gregorian Chant
It is a monodic chant, written in latin and sung a capella. It's purpose was to teach the faithful the word of God. -
Sep 21, 991
Guido d'Arezzo
He was a monk who lived in the late first century and created the musical notation system we still use nowadays, taking the first syllable from each verse of an hymn dedicated to St John the Baptist. -
Sep 16, 1098
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard von Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess, mystic, composer, and writer, known for her visionary works and sacred music. Hildegard is celebrated as one of the earliest known female composers and a significant figure in medieval theology and medicine. -
Feb 7, 1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernart de Ventadour and Bernard de Ventadorn, was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. He is probably the best known troubadour of the style called trobar leu. -
Dec 23, 1138
Leonin
Léonin was a 12th-century French composer and the earliest known member of the Notre Dame School of polyphony. He influenced many other composer that came after, such as Perotin. -
Period: Jan 1, 1170 to Jan 5, 1310
Ars Antiqua
It was the first type of poliphonic music. It refers to sacred or polyphonic music, excluding the secular monophonic songs of the troubadours. -
Nov 23, 1220
Alfonso X el Sabio
Spanish king and cultural patron, known for promoting science, poetry, and the Cantigas de Santa María. -
May 7, 1260
Perotin
Perotin was a very influential composer during the Ars Nova. He was part of the Notre Dame school and he is known for expanding the complexity of vocal music by introducing four-part polyphony. -
Mar 4, 1300
Guillaume de Machaut
French composer and poet, very important for the Ars Nova because of his polyphonic and lyrical works. -
Period: Jan 1, 1320 to Jan 1, 1370
Ars Nova
Ars Nova was a 14th-century musical style known for its rhythmic complexity and polyphony, marking a shift from simpler medieval music. It allowed for greater expression in both sacred and secular compositions, led by composers like Philippe de Vitry and Francesco Landini. -
Mar 6, 1335
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini or Landino was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker and astrologer. He was the most famous composer in Italy. -
Apr 3, 1400
Johannes Gutenberg
German inventor, who created the printing press which allowed a greater diffusion of music. -
Jun 12, 1448
Juan del Encina
Spanish poet, dramatist, and composer, recognized as a pioneer of Spanish secular drama and music. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
German theologian and reformer who was the main promoter of the Protestant Reformation. -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
He was one of the three most important composers during Rennaissance in Spain. He was known for his sacred music. -
Mar 30, 1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Spanish Renaissance composer and organist, famous for his intricate keyboard music and polyphonic works. -
1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Palestrina was an italian composer of sacred music, considered a master of polyphony and a model for Renaissance church music. -
1531
Orlando di Lasso
He was a Franco-Flemish composer of sacred and secular music, admired for his versatility and expressive vocal style. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
Organist and composer from the late Rennissance, important for his innovative polychoral works and contributions to the Venetian style. Uncle of Giovanni Gabrielli. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
She was an Italian composer and singer, the first woman in Europe to publish her musical works in print. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Catholic priest, chapel master and famous polyphonic composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with his innovative style. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
Italian composer, famous for his grand sacred and instrumental music for the Basilica of San Marco in Venice. -
Mar 30, 1565
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music with expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music. -
May 15, 1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Italian composer, very important in the transition from Renaissance to Baroque
Born: May 15, 1567. -
Giacomo Carissimi
He was a composer, pioneer of oratorio music and influential in vocal composition. -
Barbara Strozzi
Italian Baroque composer and singer, known for her highly expressive cantatas and arias.
Born: August 6, 1619. -
Stradivarius
Antonio Stradivari was an Italian luthier, world-renowned for crafting the finest violins, violas, and cellos.
Born: c. 1644. -
Henry Purcell
English composer of the Baroque, famous for his dramatic operas and beautiful sacred music.
Born: September 10, 1659. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Composer and violinist born in Italy, best known for his concertos, especially The Four Seasons. -
George Philipp Telemann
German composer, one of the most prolific Baroque musicians, great in both vocal and instrumental genres. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
German-British composer, celebrated for his operas, oratorios and instrumental works. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
German Baroque composer, known for his mastery of counterpoint, harmony, and church music. -
Gluck
Christoph Willibald Gluck was a German composer known for reforming opera, emphasizing dramatic coherence and simplicity over complex vocal ornamentation. His opera Orfeo ed Euridice had great importance in opera history. -
J. Haydn
Joseph Haydn, often referred to as the "Father of the String Quartet," shaped much of the classical style. His contributions to symphonic and chamber music are of great importance. -
W. A. Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, one of the most prodigious composers in history. He was a prodigious child and composed a vast number of symphonies, operas, and chamber works. His work continues to influence classical music to this day. -
Nannerl Mozart
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, known as Nannerl, was a talented pianist and composer who was overshadowed by her brother Wolfgang. Although she was a great overall musician, she didn’t pursue a career in composition. -
Maria Theresia Von Paradis
Maria Theresia von Paradis, was an Austrian pianist and composer, became a relevant figure in the classical music scene. She composed numerous works and was renowned for her performances. -
Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven, a German composer and pianist, acted as bridge the Classical and Romantic eras with his emotionally intense symphonies and piano sonatas. His struggle with deafness makes his musical legacy even more remarkable. -
Rossini
Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer best known for his operas, including The Barber of Seville and William Tell. His comic operas and masterful use of melody helped shape the operatic tradition. -
Schubert
Franz Schubert, an Austrian composer, is known for his lieder and symphonies, blending classical forms with emotional depth. Despite a short life, he was really influential during the Romantic movement. -
Berlioz
Hector Berlioz, a French composer, was known for his dramatic symphonies, like Symphonie Fantastique, and his imaginative orchestration. His works pushed the boundaries of orchestral music and influenced later composers, especially in terms of orchestral color. -
Medelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn, a German composer, conductor, and pianist, was known for his symphonies, concertos, and operas. His music, marked by its clarity and elegance, helped bridge the Classical and Romantic periods. -
Schumann
Robert Schumann was a German composer and important music critic, whose piano works, symphonies, and songs were marked by the Romantic spirit. His life was full of struggles with mental illness. -
Chopin
Frédéric Chopin, a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, is regarded as the master of the Romantic piano. His works, especially nocturnes, études, and mazurkas, are marked by technical brilliance and lyrical expressiveness. -
Lizst
Franz Liszt, a Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist, was a central figure in the Romantic era. Known for his fiery piano performances and innovative compositions, he expanded the possibilities of the piano and became a prominent conductor. -
Verdi
Giuseppe Verdi, an Italian opera composer, transformed opera in the 19th century with works like La Traviata and Aida. His music is characterized by intense emotion, strong character development, and powerful orchestration. -
Wagner
Richard Wagner, a German composer, revolutionized opera with his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk, or "total artwork," merging music, drama, and spectacle. His epic operas like The Ring Cycle changed the landscape of Western music. -
Creación de la croqueta
Este día, el mundo se convirtió en un lugar mejor. -
Clara Schumann
Clara Schumann, a German pianist and composer, was one of the leading musicians of the Romantic era. Her compositions, though relatively few, are considered significant, and she was a pioneering woman in the male-dominated world of 19th-century music. -
Smetana
Bedřich Smetana, a Czech composer, is considered the father of Czech national music. His works, such as Má vlast, are deeply nationalistic, celebrating Czech culture and history through rich orchestration and folk-inspired melodies. -
Brahms
Johannes Brahms, a German composer and pianist, became known for his symphonies, concertos, and chamber works, combining classical form with rich, emotional expressiveness. His music is often seen as a bridge between the Classical and Romantic eras. -
Mussorgski
Modest Mussorgsky, a Russian composer, is famous for his vivid, often unconventional music, such as Pictures at an Exhibition and Boris Godunov. His works reflect the Russian national spirit and feature bold harmonic choices and unorthodox structures. -
Tchaikovski
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, a Russian composer, became renowned for his ballets, such as Swan Lake and The Nutcracker, and emotionally stirring symphonies. His music blends Russian folk traditions with Western European musical styles. -
Dvořák
Antonín Dvořák, a Czech composer, integrated folk music and symphonic tradition, achieving international acclaim with works like The New World Symphony. He is known for his deep love of both Czech folk traditions and the broader symphonic tradition. -
Grieg
Edvard Grieg, a Norwegian composer and pianist, is best known for his piano concerto and his music for the play Peer Gynt. His style blends the Romantic spirit with Norwegian folk music, creating a distinctive sound with roots in his homeland. -
Rimsky-Korsakov
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer and orchestrator, best known for works like Scheherazade and The Flight of the Bumblebee. His compositions emphasize rich orchestral textures and vivid storytelling through music. -
Puccini
Giacomo Puccini, an Italian composer, is famed for his operas like La Bohème and Tosca. His mastery of melodic lyricism and ability to evoke powerful emotions on stage made him one of the most beloved opera composers. -
Hugo Wolf
Hugo Wolf, an Austrian composer, was a key figure in the development of late Romantic lieder. His vocal works, especially those set to poetry by German writers, are regarded for their intense expressiveness and harmonic complexity. -
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler, an Austrian composer and conductor, is known for his expansive symphonies and deeply personal lieder. His works, which often explore existential themes, are seen as pivotal to the late-Romantic period. -
Debussy
Claude Debussy, a French composer, was a leading figure in the Impressionist movement, known for his innovative harmonic language and works like Clair de Lune. His music emphasizes atmosphere and color, often evoking natural landscapes and sensory experiences. -
Sibelius
Jean Sibelius, a Finnish composer, was the leading figure in Finnish music, with works like Finlandia symbolizing Finnish nationalism. His symphonies and tone poems are admired for their innovative use of orchestral color and emotional depth. -
Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg, an Austrian composer, is a central figure in the development of atonal music and the twelve-tone technique. His works, such as Verklärte Nacht and Pierrot Lunaire, revolutionized 20th-century music. -
Ravel
Maurice Ravel, a French composer, was known for his mastery of orchestration and works like Boléro and Daphnis et Chloé. His compositions blend impressionist colors with neoclassical elements and jazz influences. -
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla, a Spanish composer, was pivotal in developing a distinct Spanish musical identity through works like El amor brujo and Nights in the Gardens of Spain. His music incorporates folk elements and evokes the drama of Spanish culture. -
Bartók
Béla Bartók, a Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist, is famed for incorporating Hungarian folk music into his works, such as his Concerto for Orchestra. His compositions often explore rhythmic complexity and the use of dissonance. -
Kodály
Zoltán Kodály, a Hungarian composer and music educator, developed the Kodály Method of music education. His compositions, such as the Háry János Suite, reflect his deep interest in folk music and pedagogical principles. -
Joaquín Turina
Joaquín Turina, a Spanish composer, blended Spanish folk music with modern classical techniques in works such as La oración del torero and Sinfonía sevillana. His compositions reflect the spirit of Andalucía and the broader Spanish musical tradition. -
Stravinsky
Igor Stravinsky, a Russian composer, is famous for his revolutionary ballets like The Firebird and The Rite of Spring. His music transformed 20th-century classical music through rhythm, dissonance, and innovative orchestration. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos, a Brazilian composer, incorporated Brazilian folk music into classical forms, with works such as Bachianas Brasileiras. His music, often vibrant and rhythmically complex, has become a cornerstone of Latin American classical music. He was one of the most important American nationalist composers. -
Gershwin
George Gershwin, a nationalist American composer, blended classical music with jazz and popular idioms, creating iconic works like Rhapsody in Blue and Porgy and Bess. His ability to merge diverse styles marked him as a major figure in 20th-century American music. -
Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen, a French composer and organist, is known for his highly original use of rhythm, color, and bird songs in works like Turangalîla-Symphonie. His music often explores themes of time, nature, and spirituality. -
Pierre Schaeffer
Pierre Schaeffer, a French composer and musicologist, was a key figure in the development of musique concrète, an experimental form of electronic music. His work, particularly Études de bruits, helped establish sound manipulation as an art form. -
John Cage
John Cage, an American composer, was a pioneer in experimental music. His innovative works, such as 4'33", challenged traditional notions of sound and music, emphasizing silence, chance, and non-traditional instruments. -
Pierre Henry
Pierre Henry, a French composer, was an influential figure in the development of musique concrète alongside Schaeffer. His works, such as Variations for a Door and a Sigh, explore the manipulation of everyday sounds. -
Creación del cachopo
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Philip Glass
Philip Glass, an American composer, is known for his pioneering minimalist music, including operas like Einstein on the Beach and symphonies. His music emphasizes repetitive structures and evolving patterns, influencing contemporary classical and popular music. -
España campeona Mundial de Baloncesto
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Retirada Rudy Fernández
