-
Period: to
First years of Franco's dictatorship
This years are hard for Spain. The country has a fascist-ideological regime ruled by Franco in all ways. During these years, Spain is a devastated country, Franco tries to create an autarchy and fails, there's a lot of hunger and death is common among spanish citizens. -
Franco establishes a dictatorship in Spain
The first of April of 1939, the Civil War ends in Spain with the victory of rebels' troops when they occupied republican territories. Franco establishes a dictatorship and assumes all powers (head of state, government, army...), he deletes the Constitution and creates the Fundamental Laws, he suppresses rights, freedoms and manifestations of regional nationalism. Franco has support from the Church, the Army, high and conservatives from middle classes. -
Creation of the Blue Division
Although at first Spain was declared neutral in the Second World War, when Franco took power and starts supporting the Axis. He meets with Hitler for entering the war, but it doesn't works. For helping in other ways, he creates the Blue Division a group of spanish soldiers volunteers who are send to help Germany fight against Russia. They are soon retired from the front due to their constant defeats. -
NODO
The projection of the NODO in the cinemas starts to be compulsory before the films. It's a propagandistic documentary that lasts half an hour. With this documentary they try to extoll Franco's image and show citizens Franco's improvements in the country and the importance of the three basic axis: religious, social and political unity. -
Creation of the maquis
The maquis are some anti-dictatorship guerrilla groups that fight against Franco. They are spread through mountainous areas and his main objective is to end with the dictatorship. -
Beginning of the Cold War
When the Cold War starts, US finally accepts Spain as an ally because its regime is totally the opposed to communism. -
Period: to
The consolidation of the regime and developmentalism
-
Signature of the Spanish-American Friendship Treaty
Franco signs a treaty with the US called the Spanish-American Friendship Treaty in order to receive economic aid from the US in exchange of giving them part of the Spanish territory for installing American militar basis. -
Riots and strikes against fascism
The dictatorial regime is losing support since Spain had strenghtened its international relations. Students at the University of Madrid and citizens in Asturias and Catalonia start creating some opposition actions. This causes the sudden loss of support to the once popular Falange. -
Developmentalism
This year, a period of economic growth takes part. It evolved in its economy and improved Spanish citizens lifestyle thanks to household appliances. During the 60s mortality rate decreases, creation of consumer society takes part and the role of women deteriorates. -
PSOE and PCE opposition
Two parties appear opposing Franco's regime. The PCE (Partido Comunista Español) with the aim of creating an alliance between parties against Franco. They create a meeting in Munich. On the other hand PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) elect Felipe Gonzalez as the secretary and it starts creating associations as well. Other forms of opposition appear, such as neighbourhood, students and trade unions movements, and also some terrorist groups GRAPO, FRAP and ETA. -
Crisis
Some economic, political, economic and social crisis appear in Spain at the same time. The economic crisis took place when oil prices rose and this marked the end of the economic expansion stage due to its strong dependence on foreign energy and exports, which decreased, and tourism. There was also a political crisis due to the great threats of ETA and a social crisis with the increase of opposition. As a reaction Franco started pressuring and repressing opposers in an aggressive way. -
Period: to
End of dictatorship
-
Period: to
Transition
-
Green March
Taking advantadge of Spain's poor situation, Morocco creates the Green March to force Spain to give the Spanish Sahara to Morocco with big troops of Moroccans who manage to win and take control of the Sahara Spanish area, which they still have nowadays. -
Franco's death
Franco finally dies in 1975 due to some health problems, one of them was Parkinson, and Juan Carlos takes his position as head of the state and some days later he's proclaimed Spain's king. Franco's body is bury in the Valley of the Fallen. He dies some days after the Green March in Morocco. In 1975 Spain is considered an industrialized country but not a developed one: developed areas coesxist with low developed areas, there aren't many public services and cultural level is really low. -
Suarez arrival
When the king is ruling Spain, he elects Arias as head of the government, but later elects Adolfo Suarez, who starts encouragind democracy in Spain. Adolfo Suarez creates reforms in order to improve rights and freedoms, at the same time creates the Law for Political Reform (1976), and then gives amnesty for political prisoners, legalized political parties, including the Communist Party, and
called elections for June 1977. All this surrounded by constant tension in the country. -
Elections of 1977, UCD victory
The elections take part in 1977 with the victory of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), with Adolfo Suarez as leader. The PSOE and PCE are also really supported parties. This government uses consensus for ruling and start bonds and agreements with other parties. -
Constitution of 1978
A new constitution is drafted by some political parties in Spain, it includes 169 different points. It marks the end of the transition period and the beginning of the democratic period. The 1978 Constitution, Spain is defined as a social and democratic state, tries to achieve a fairer society, they recognize national sovereignty resides in the Spanish people, they also decreed Spain is a parliamentary monarchy, eparation of powers is establish, numerous rights and freedoms are recognized... -
Period: to
PSOE governments
-
23 - F
Another elections take part in Spain with the victory of the UCD. Even he wins, Adolfo Suarez prefers to resign. After this, Calvo Sotelo becomes the Prime Minister and suffers a coup from Antonio Tejero the 23 of February in 1982, which fails but leaves hard consequences to Sotelo's government. (Spain enters in the NATO) -
PSOE's victory
The elections in October with the victory of PSOE is known as the end of the transition period. It's known as the longest period of Government bya party in Spain. The PSOE consolidated democracy and stabilized the country's problems.
