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4 Goals of Era
These goals were social welfare, moral improvement, economic reform, and efficient use of resources. Inspiration came from muckrakers. -
NAWSA
First President: Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Goal: Get most states to pass woman’s suffrage congress must pass an amendment
3:Get state governments to pass woman’s suffrage/ (1869): Wyoming is first state to pass Woman’s suffrage
Test out the 14th Amendment by trying to vote at local elections and get arrested. Testing that they are citizens so they could vote
Add amendment to the constitution that gives them the right to vote
Carrie Chapman Catt: 1900: Elected NAWSA president -
Progressives
Some Examples of progressives were Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair: wrote The Jungle, and Ida Tarbell. They were considered reformers. Thy believed it was the governments job to answer economical and social problems. -
Child Labor Reform
-cheap labor
-immigrant families need kids to work for money
-child’s can do things like getting in small places
-The issues is that immigrant families need that money -
Opposition To Women's Suffrage
-Liquor Industry: Women want prohibition
-Textile Industry: Concerned child labor will be attacked
-Men: Have a power structure they don’t want to lose -
Alice Paul
Alice Paul
-Woman’s suffrage Activist
-Organized national Woman’s party
-Despite some victories, the slow process led some women to choose more radical methods
-Used mass protests, marches, hunger strikes -
Undermining Rights
-Voting restrictions:
-Very hard literacy tests designed for African Americans to fail.
-Poll taxes: You have to pay to vote and they weren’t getting paid enough
-Grandfather Clause: If ancestors voted before 1867 they were allowed to vote but African American ancestors were slaves
-Jim Crow Laws: Laws separating white and black people in public facilities -
Plessy Vs. Ferguson (1896)
P Vs. F
-Supreme court ruled that separating the races in public accommodations did not violate the 14th Amendment
-“Separate but equal”
-This legalizes racial segregation for 60 years -
New York Tenement House Law
-Established model housing code for safety and sanitation
-minimum size and window requirements
-Required one full bathroom for every 2 families
-Indoor plumbing
-Set up tenement house department to perform inspections -
Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Meat Inspection Act (1906): Authorized federal inspection of meat products
-Meat sources inspected before and after death
-Sanitary standards at slaughterhouses and processing plants -
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
-Regulated production of sale of food and medicines
-prevented poisonous or spoiled products from being sold
-Formed Food and Drug administration (FDA) -
NAACP (1909)
-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-Goal: Get equal rights for African Americans
-Tactic: Fix the laws -
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
This was a fire that was caused by bad working conditions and no safety in the factories. Many women died. This caused many laws to be passed about working conditions. -
18th Amendment (Prohibition)
18th Amendment
-1917: Congress passed this law
-Banned manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol
-WAS NOT ILLEGAL TO DRINK
-Easily ratified
-Prior to this: 22 States had prohibition laws
-Went into effect Jan. 1920 -
Effects of Prohibition
Effects of Prohibition
-Difficult to enforce
-Hurt U.S. economy
-Led ton smuggling, bootlegging, rise of organized crime -
19th Amendment
-Why did president Woodrow Wilson give in?
-1919: 39 states have full or partial women’s suffrage
-congress passes amendment
-August 1920: Ratified
-“The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any sex.”
