Process of Incorporation Timeline

Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad Company v. City of Chicago

Mar 1, 1897

This case deals with eminent domain in the 5th amendment. The Supreme Court held that the due process clause required the states to award just compensation when taking private property for public use.

Gitlow v. New York

Jun 8, 1925

This case deals with free speech in the 1st amendment. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of New York's Criminal Anarchy Statute of 1902.

Near v. Minnesota

Jun 1, 1931

This case deals with freedom of press in the 1st amendment. The Supreme Court held that prior restraint on publication violated the 1st amendment.

DeJonge v. Oregon

Jan 4, 1937

This case deals with the freedom of assembly in the 1st amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that state governments may not violate the constitutional right of peaceable assembly.

Cantwell v. Connecticut

May 20, 1940

This case deals with freedom of religion in the 1st amendment. The Supreme Court held the Cantwells' actions were protected by the First and 14th amendments.

In re Oliver

Mar 8, 1948

This case deals with public trials in the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court incorporated the right to a public trial of the 6th amendment to states.

Mapp v. Ohio

Jun 19, 1961

This case deals with the exclusionary rule in the 4th amendment. The Supreme Court decided evidence seized unlawfully, without a search warrant, could not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts.

Robinson v. California

Jun 25, 1962

This case deals with cruel and unusual punishment in the 8th amendment. The Supreme Court held that laws imprisoning persons afflicted with the illness of narcotic addiction inflicted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the 8th and 14th amendments.

Edwards v. South Carolina

Feb 25, 1963

This case deals with the freedom to petition in the 1st amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that South Carolina had violated students 1st Amendment rights of peaceable assembly.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Mar 18, 1963

This case deals with the right to Counsel in felony cases. The Supreme Court guaranteed the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts.

Ker v. California

Jun 10, 1963

This case deals with protection against unreasonable search and seizure in the 4th amendment. The Supreme Court ruled the 4th amendment's prohibition on unreasonable search and seizure and the exclusionary rule for evidence obtained from unreasonable search and seizure apply to the states through the 14th amendment.

Malloy v. Hogan

Jun 15, 1964

This case deals with protection against self-incrimination in the 5th amendment. The Supreme Court rule the 5th amendment's exception from compulsory self-incrimination is protected by the 14th amendment against abridgment by a state.

Pointer v. Texas

Apr 5, 1965

This case deals with the right to confront witnesses in the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court held that state criminal proceedings that do not allow a defendant to cross-examine a witness violate the right to confrontation outlined in the 6th amendment.

Miranda v. Arizona

Jun 13, 1966

This case deals with Miranda rights in the 5th amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th amendments.

Klopfer v. North Carolina

Mar 13, 1967

This case deals with the right to a speedy trial in the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court held that indefinitely suspending a trial violates a defendant's right to a speedy trial and the due process clause of the 14th amendment applies the 6th amendment to the states.

Washington v. Texas

Jun 12, 1967

This case deals with subpoenas in the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court held that the 6th amendment right to compulsory process is so fundamental that it is incorporated in the due process clause of the 14th amendment.

Duncan v. Louisiana

May 20, 1968

This case deals with the right to trial by jury in criminal cases in the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court held that the states were obligated under the 14th amendment to provide jury trials.

Benton v. Maryland

Jun 23, 1969

This case deals with protection against double jeopardy in the 5th amendment. The Supreme Court decided the double jeopardy clause of the 5th amendment as applied to the states is an element of liberty protected by due process of the 14th amendment.

Schilb v. Kuebel

Dec 20, 1971

This case deals with protection against excessive bail in the 8th amendment. The Supreme Court held that the Illinois bail system did not violate the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution

Rabe v. Washington

Mar 20, 1972

This case deals with the right to be informed of accusations in the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court held a state may not criminally punish the exhibition of a motion picture film at a drive-in theater where the statute assertively violated has not given fair notice that the location of the exhibition was a vital element of the offense.

Argersinger v. Hamlin

Jun 12, 1972

This case deals with the 6th amendment. The Supreme Court held that the accused cannot be subjected to actual imprisonment unless provided with counsel.

McDonald v. Chicago

Jun 28, 2010

This case deals with the right to bear arms in the 2nd amendment. The supreme court held that the right to possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense is applicable to the states through the 14th amendment's due process clause.

Timbs v. Indiana

Feb 20, 2019

This case deals with protection against excessive fines in the 8th amendment. The Supreme Court held that the 8th amendment's prohibition against excessive fines applies to the states under the due process clause of the 14th amendment.