Process of Incorporation

Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad Company v. City of Chicago

Mar 1, 1897

Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad Company v. City of Chicago, 166 U.S. 226, was the first time the Supreme Court incorporated that due process of the 14th amendment required states to give compensation when taking private property. The City of Chicago wanted to connect two disjoint sections over private property owned by various individuals but also include the Chicago Burlington and the Quincy Railroad Corp the railroad was given only one dollar while others were fully compensated.

Gitlow v. New York

Jun 8, 1925

Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 was a Supreme Court ruling that decided that the the14th Amendment extended freedom of speech and freedom of the press extended to the States and not just the Federal Government. Gitlow published a manifesto that called for socialism and strikes and was convicted under New York's anarchy law which punished advocating for the overthrow of the government.

Near v. Minnesota

Jun 1, 1931

Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 the Supreme Court ruled that the public nuisance law violated the First Amendment and you are free to be a public nuisance and publish your hairy chest photos like Larry. Minnesota Officials sought to injunction against the Saturday Press on the grounds it violated the public nuisance law.

De Jonge v. Oregon

1937

In De Jonge v. Oregon, 299 U.S. 353 the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment due process applied freedom of speech to the states and they could not violate it.
De Jonge was arrested for speaking at a communist party protest violating his freedom of speech and assembly.

Cantwell v. Connecticut

1940

Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 ruled that your 1st amendment right of religious freedom applied to the states using the due process clause of the 14th amendment.
Newton Cantwell and his sons, Jehovah's Witnesses were a couple of crazies that deserved to be arrested because they are Jehovah's Witnesses fortunately I can say all this because the first amendment protects me just like it protects them and their religious needs.

Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing

Feb 10, 1947

In Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing, the Supreme Court ruled that a law permitting public school boards to provide transportation costs for children attending public and Catholic school transportation did not violate the First Amendments Establishment Clause.

In re Oliver

1948

In re Oliver, the supreme court ruled that the 14th amendments due process applied to the 6th amendment required the defendant to be informed of their crimes

Mapp v. Ohio

Mar 29, 1961

In Mapp v. Ohio the supreme court ruled that the exclusionary rule applied to the states and evidence gained after the trial has started cant be used. Dollree Mapp was convicted of possessing obscene materials after the police illegally searched her home.

Robinson v. California

Jun 25, 1962

Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 the Supreme Court ruled that the 8th amendment cruel and unsual punishment clause applied to the state of California under the due process of the 14th Amendment. Robinson was arrested for being addicted to narcotics and was later convicted.

Edwards v. South Carolina

Feb 25, 1963

Edwards v. South Carolina the Supreme Court ruled that due the due process clause of the 14th Amendment extended freedom of petition to the states and federal government. South Carolina violated 187 black students' freedom of speech, assembly, and petition rights. The students were arrested for peaceful assembly they were then ordered to disperse and when didn't they were arrested and convicted of breach of peace.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Mar 18, 1963

Gideon v. Wainwright the Supreme Court ruled that the 6th Amendment right to an Attorney also applied to felony defendants in state courts.
Gideon was charged with breaking and entering a requested for the court to appoint him a lawyer but Floridas law said he only indigent defendants could be appointed one Gideon was forced to represent himself in court leading to an unfair trial and he was sentenced to five years in prison.

Ker v. California

Jun 10, 1963

Ker v. California the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment's due process clause extended the 4th Amendment's protections against illegal search and seizure to the states.
The Los Angeles Sheriff's Department saw George Ker meeting a suspected drug dealer leading them to enter Kers apartment without consent or a warrant they found a green brick and arrested George and his wife.

Malloy v. Hogan

Jun 15, 1964

Malloy v. Hogan the Supreme Court ruled 14th Amendment's due process made it where defendants 5th Amendment right to remain silent also applied to the states and they did not have to speak and self-incriminate. William Malloy was arrested during a gambling raid in 1959 he later plead guilty 16 months later he was ordered to testify about gambling and other criminals and refused to speak because he could self-incriminate and was imprisoned until willing to speak.

Pointer v. Texas

Apr 5, 1965

Pointer v. Texas the Supreme Court ruled that the 6th Amendment's right to confrontation required Texas to allow Pointer to confront Dillard through counsel. Texas offered a transcript of Pointer's testimony the defense objected the use of the transcript denying Pointers right to confront a witness the judge overruled because Pointer was present at the preliminary hearing

Klopfer v. North Carolina

May 31, 1966

Klopfer v. North Carolina ruled that Klopfer's right to a speedy trial was violated when it was indefinitely suspended. The Court also decided that the 14th due process also extended the 6th to the states. Klopfer was charged with trespassing when partaking in a civil rights demonstration at a restaurant during his trial the jury could not reach a verdict and the Superior court continued the case twice allowing the state to indefinitely suspend it and return the case to the docket in the future,

Washington v. Texas

Oct 10, 1966

Washington v. Texas the Supreme Court ruled that the 6th Amendment compulsory process clause also applied to the states under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment.
Jackie Washington was convicted of murder and sentenced to 50 years in prison. Washington alleged that Charles Fuller already actually shot the victim while Washington attempted to stop him. Fuller was not allowed to testify to that because someone charged of the same crime could not testify on behalf of another.

Duncan v. Louisiana

May 20, 1968

Duncan v. Louisiana the Supreme Court ruled that trial by jury also applied to the states under the 14th Amendements due process clause.
Gary Duncan was found guilty of assault. Duncan was sentenced to 60 days and fined $150 his request for a jury was denied.

Benton v. Maryland

Jun 17, 1968

In Benton v. Maryland ruled that the 5th Amendment protections against double jeopardy also apply to the states.
Benton was charged with larceny and burglary he was found not guilty of larceny and guilty of burglary he appealed for a new grand jury and was found guilty of both crimes.

Schilb v. Kuebel

Dec 20, 1971

In Schilb v. Kuebel, the Supreme Court ruled that the Illinois bail system did not violate the equal protection clause of the 8th Amendment. John Schilb was charged with leaving the scene of a car accident and obstructing traffic. he paid 10% of his bail after his trial the amount he deposited was returned and the court clerk had retained 1% of it.

Rabe v. Washington

1972

Rabe v. Washington the Supreme Court ruled that the 6th Amendment right be informed also applied to the states.
Rabe was arrested on obscenity charges for showing the film Carmen Baby. The local court convicted Rabe on the basis that the film wasn't obscene but the theater was.

Argersinger v. Hamlin

Jun 12, 1972

Argersinger v. Hamlin the Supreme Court ruled that a person's right to an attorney also applied to people who committed misdemeanors under the 6th and 14th Amendments. Jon Argersinger was charged with carrying a concealed weapon he was not represented by an attorney during his trial.

McDonald v. Chicago

Jun 28, 2010

McDonald v. Chicago the Supreme Court ruled that the 2nd Amendment applied to the states under the 14th Amendment's privileges and immunities and due process clause. Several lawsuits were filed against Chicago and Oak Park Illinois challenging their gun bans.

Timbs v. Indiana

Feb 20, 2019

Timbs v. Indiana the Supreme Court ruled that the 8th Amendment's excessive fines clause equally applies to the states as it does to the federal government because of the 14th Amendment's due process clause. Timbs was arrested for transporting heroin and was charged with dealing and conspiracy to commit theft he pleaded guilty to one count of dealing and conspiracy to commit theft. He was sentenced to 6 years and $1200 in fines and the state sought to forfeit his Land Rover.