Process of Incorporation

Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad Company v. City of Chicago

1897

This case incorporated the the eminent domain provision of 5A.The court said the due process clause needed compensation for people to take private property into public use.

Gitlow v. New York

1925

This case incorporated the freedom of speech when Gitlow a socialist was arrested for supported a group of people to over throw the government but he made the court argue that he shouldn't be charged since nothing happen,Does the First Amendment prevent a state from punishing political speech that directly advocates the government's violent overthrow?The court ended in a 7-2 and said it doesn't protect because his intentions were towards violence to the government.

Gitlow v. New York

1925

This case incorporated the first amendment, freedom of speech.In 1919 Gitlow was a socialist that was arrested for paying contribute to "Left wing Manifesto" he was punished for supporting to over throw the government.He argued since nothing happened there should be nothing charged.The court was to argue that Does the First Amendment prevent a state from punishing political speech that directly advocates the government's violent overthrow?The court decided in a 7-2 The speech caused no harm.

Near v. Minnesota

1931

This case incorporated the freedom of press in the 1A.Jaw Near and Howard Guilford was accused of being involved with gangsters, the Saturday press got a hold of the information and published it everywhere , they were offended and demanded that its scandalous, and defamatory but was argued that they were involved with businesses they were allowed court argued and questioned Does the Minnesota "gag law" violate the free press provision of the First Amendment with the answer no, they didn't.

Powell v. Alabama

1932

This case involved the right to attorney in state capital cases.Nine African American teenage boys were accused of raping two white women.Which sent them into three trials into one day sentencing them to death.Their attorneys fone little to nothing to consult with their clients and defend them .Did the trials violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?The court easily decided in a 7-2 that the defendants were not treated right in the trials and they denied their basic rights.

De Jonge v. Oregon

1937

This case involved the right to a peaceful assembly .Dirt de jonge was in a meeting addressing jail conditions during that time police interrupting it and arresting him fortate's criminal syndicalism statute.and charged him for being a scandal.Does Oregon's criminal syndicalism statute violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?The court ended the question with agreeing yes, it violated the due process clause and his defense was him only assisting his public meeting.

Cantwell v. Connecticut

1940

This case involved the right to exercise of religion .Newton cantwell and his sons were trying to influence their religion in a Catholic neighborhood in connecticut, harassing them and coming door to door people and they were arrested for violation of a Connecticut statute requiring solicitors to obtain a certificate before soliciting funds from the public.The question at hand was Did the Cantwells’ convictions violate the 1A and they were found innocent because they did not cause bodily harm.

Everson v. Board of Education of the Township of Ewing (1947)

1947

A New Jersey law authorized reimbursement by local school boards of the costs of transportation to and from schools, including private schools. 96% of the private schools who benefitted from this law were parochial Catholic schools.Did the New Jersey statute violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?It was decided in a 5-4.The New Jersey law reimbursing parents for transportation costs to parochial schools did not violate the Establishment Clause

In re Oliver

1948

This case Incorporated there right for a public trial Kentucky State police searched Ray E. Oliver's farm, acting on reports that marijuana was grown there. A gate marked with a "No Trespassing" sign surrounded the field. Police found marijuana in the field about a mile from Oliver's home. Does the open field doctrine apply when police officers knowingly enter privately owned fields without a warrant Yes. In a 6-3 vote

Mapp v. Ohio

1961

This case contained the exclusionary rule ,Dollree Mapp was convicted of possessing obscene materials after an admittedly illegal police search of her home for a fugitive. She appealed her conviction on the basis of freedom of expression. The question was Were the confiscated materials protected from seizure by the Fourth Amendment? The final decision was a 6-3 that anything that was found in court was inadmissible in a state court. and they brushed off the amendments.

Argersinger v. Hamlin

1972

This case incorporated the 6A, a right to an attorney for misdemeanors that could be punishable by jail time.What happened was ,jon Richard Argersinge was arrested for having the possession of concealed weapon and was sent to court but couldn't afford anyone to defend him so he was sent to jail for 90 days and argued the court should have provided him a attorney and having other offenses shouldn't matter.