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G.I Bill
Created to help veterans of World War II.Established hospitals, low interest mortgages available,granted stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools.Nearly 9 million veterans received close to $4 billion from the bill’s unemployment compensation program.The Veterans Administration offered insured loans.The Readjustment Benefits Act of 1966 extended these benefits to all veterans of the armed forces,including who had served during peacetime. -
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Civil Rights
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Period: to
Cold War
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Berlin Airlift
Allies defeated Germany and divided into four sections.Russians wanted Berlin all for themselves closed all highways,railroads and canals.They believed it would make it impossible for people living there get food or other supplies and eventually drive the allies out of the city for good. Instead of retreating from West Berlin the allies decided to supply their sectors of the city from the air.This effort lasted more than a year and carried more than 2.3 million tons of cargo into West Berlin. -
Atomic Bomb
The atomic bomb uses nuclear reactions as their source of explosive energy.Scientists first developed nuclear weapons technology during World War II. Atomic bombs have been used only twice in war both times by the United States against Japan at the end of World War II. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union vied for supremacy in a global nuclear arms race. -
Fair Deal
Truman announced his plans for domestic policy reforms including national health insurance, public housing, civil rights legislation and federal aid to education. He advocated an increase in the minimum wage, federal assistance to farmers and an extension of Social Security, as well as urging the immediate implementation of anti-discrimination policies in employment. -
Domino Theory
Communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states.In Southeast Asia, the U.S. government used the domino theory to justify involvement in the Vietnam War and its support for a non communist dictator in South Vietnam.In fact, the American failure to prevent a communist victory in Vietnam had much less of an impact than had been assumed of the domino theory.With the exception of Laos and Cambodia,communism failed to spread throughout Southeast Asia. -
McCarthyism
Joseph McCarthy spent almost five years trying vain to expose communists and other left-wing “loyalty risks” in the U.S. government.Hyper-suspicious atmosphere of the Cold War, insinuations of disloyalty were enough to convince many Americans that their government was packed with traitors and spies. McCarthy’s accusations were so intimidating that few people dared to speak out against him. It was not until he attacked the Army in 1954 that his actions earned him the censure of the U.S. Senate. -
Beat Generation
American social and literary movement originating in the 1950s and centered in the bohemian artist communities.Expressed their alienation from conventional society by adopting an almost uniform style of seedy dress, manners, and hip vocabulary borrowed from jazz musicians.Generally apolitical and indifferent to social problems,they advocated personal release,purification, and illumination through the heightened sensory awareness that might be induced by drugs, jazz, and sex. -
Period: to
1950s
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Bill Haley and his Comets
Haley's band changed their name and their image for the last time.The four young musicians,turned their backs on beloved country music and bravely faced an unknown future as "Bill Haley and His Comets".Haley began touring Britain as his popularity began fading at home.The first American Rock and Roll star to come to Britain.Bill Haley & His Comets were there first.Haley had a few minor hits, but spent the remainder of his life touring and playing Rock and Roll Revival shows. -
Little Richard
He helped define the early rock ‘n’ roll era of the 1950s.His croons,wails and screams,and influenced such bands as the Beatles.He abruptly and publicly quit performing rock and committed to the ministry and recording gospel songs.1986 Little Richard was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.He was a recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in 1993,and year later the Rhythm & Blues Foundation honored him with the Pioneer Award. -
Hydrogen Bomb
The hydrogen bomb was approximately 1,000 times more powerful than conventional nuclear devices. Immensely powerful bomb whose destructive power comes from the rapid release of energy during the nuclear fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium), using an atom bomb as a trigger.The blast is radius of 0-2 mi from a 1 megaton air burst, and the blast extends out to 5 mi from the same 1 megaton atmospheric explosion. -
Ike Turner
Turner started a group called the Kings of Rhythm.Their song, "Rocket 88," is considered by many to be the first rock and rock recording.He met a teenager named Anna Mae Bullock.She joined the band and soon developed a personal relationship with Turner.The two married in 1958.They were soon performing as the Ike & Tina Turner.He was Grammy nominated and winner,inducted into Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.2007 Turner died of a cocaine overdose in his San Marcos,CA, home. -
Polio Vaccine
A disease that has affected humanity throughout recorded history, attacks the nervous system and can cause varying degrees of paralysis.Polio there were 58,000 new cases reported in the United States, and more than 3,000 died from the disease. Dr. Jonas Salk created the Polio vaccine.1954, clinical trials using the Salk vaccine and began on nearly two million American schoolchildren.1955,announced that the vaccine was effective and safe.New polio cases dropped to under 6,000 in 1957. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
First conducted research on viruses in the 1930s when he was a medical student at New York University,and during World War II helped develop flu vaccines.1947 he became head of a research laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh and 1948 was awarded a grant to study the polio virus and develop a possible vaccine.By 1950 he had an early version of his polio vaccine.First attempt was unsuccessful.1953, Dr.Salk announces on a national radio show he has successfully tested a vaccine against polio. -
Elvis Presley
Born on January 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, Elvis Presley came from very humble beginnings and grew up to become one of the biggest names in rock 'n' roll. By the mid 1950s, he appeared on the radio, television and the silver screen. On August 16, 1977, at age 42, he died of heart failure, which was related to his drug addiction. Since his death, Presley has remained one of the world's most popular music icons. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional.This helped the civil rights movement and established separate-but-equal education.Oliver Brown filed a case against the Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas after his daughter Linda Brown was denied entrance to all-white elementary schools.In his lawsuit claimed that schools for black children were not equal to the white schools and that segregation violated of the 14th Amendment. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
Money,MS,Emmett Till was brutally murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman.Woman’s husband and brother beat him nearly to death,scoop out his eyes,shot him in the head,tied him with barbed wire to cotton-gin fan then tossed him in river.His corpse was so damaged that his mom could only identify by a ring.Open-casket funeral was held, world could see what murderers had done.All-white jury talked less than an hour before verdict not guilty,saying failed to prove the identity of the body. -
Rosa Parks
Refusing to give up her seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama,1955.Rosa Parks helped start the civil rights movement.She was convicted violating the segregation laws.Parks became nationally recognized symbol of dignity and strength in struggle to end racial segregation.She support civil-rights events and wrote an autobiography, “Rosa Parks: My Story.”Awarded Congressional Gold Medal,highest honor for a civilian.She died age 92 she became the first woman to lie in state at the U.S. Capitol. -
Albert Sabin
Best known as the developer of the oral live virus polio vaccine,Dr. Sabin not only dedicated his entire professional career to eliminating of human suffering though his groundbreaking medical advances,he also had a tireless campaign against poverty.He developed vaccines for encephalitis,sand-fly fever,and dengue fever.At 80,he retired from his full-time positions but continued part time at the Fogarty International Center as a Senior Medical Science Advisor and a lecturer in the United States. -
Orval Faubus
He was the governor of Arkansas during the time of the Little Rock Crisis. He attempted to block the integration the school because he didn't support Eisenhower decision.By using the national guard, leading to a confrontation with the Eisenhower and ultimately integration of the school. -
Nikita Krushchev
Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War.Though he largely pursued a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West, he instigated the Cuban Missile Crisis by placing nuclear weapons miles away from Florida. He initiated a process that made Soviet society less repressive.Khrushchev could be authoritarian in his own right,crushing a revolt in Hungary and approving the construction of the Berlin Wall.Later made a mistake of announcing that the wall was going to be destroyed. -
John Glenn
Was a NASA astronaut.He was part of the first group of astronauts NASA picked.He was the first American to orbit Earth.After NASA he became a U.S. senator.Later he became the oldest person to fly in space.he became a U.S. senator from the state of Ohio.He was a senator for 25 years. Later, Glenn worked with college students at Ohio State University in Columbus. -
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Military supply route running from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia to South Vietnam.The route sent weapons, manpower,ammunition and other supplies from communist led North Vietnam to their supporters in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.They moved several tons of supplies each day through rugged mountain ranges and dense jungle.In 1965, more than 30 U.S. Air Force jets struck targets along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. -
LSD
Hallucinogenic drug was someone sees, hears or feels that appear to be real but are in fact created by the mind.That was first synthesized a Swiss scientist in the 1930s. During the Cold War, the CIA conducted clandestine experiments with LSD (and other drugs) for mind control, information gathering and other purposes.The drug became a symbol of the 1960s counterculture, eventually joining other hallucinogenic and recreational drugs at rave parties. -
Sit-Ins
Four African American college students walked up to whites-only lunch counter in Greensboro,North Carolina.Service was refused,the students sat patiently.Threats and intimidation,students sat quietly and waited to be served.Often the participants would be threatened by local customers.They would be pelted with food or ketchup.In the event of a physical attack,the student would curl up into a ball on the floor and take the punishment.When the local police came to arrest demonstrators. -
Hector P. Garcia
He got medical degrees from The University of Texas and served in the Army.Opened medical practice in Corpus Christi,he saw struggles of veterans and migrant workers.Offered low and no-cost treatment to poor patients.Garcia found the American GI Forum,organized veterans to fight for educational,medical benefits,against poll taxes and school segregation.President Reagan awarded García the Presidential Medal of Freedom,highest civilian award.García was the first Mexican American receive the honor. -
Period: to
1960s
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Peace Corps
President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order the Peace Corps.Help developing countries by promoting peace.He encouraged them to go to needy countries and give them aid financially,educationally,and physically.These volunteers sent to countries hope better the relationship with the country.It helps public relations,and gives the U.S. more allies.This was good idea during the Cold War because countries were in the middle of fighting with other countries and this organization promoted peace. -
Cesar Chavez
Prominent union leader and labor organizer.His experience as a migrant worker,Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association.His union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee strike against grape growers in California and the two organizations later merged to become the United Farm Workers.Nonviolent methods,drew attention for boycotts,marches and hunger strikes.He was able to secure raises and improve conditions for farm workers in California,Texas,Arizona and Florida. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Leaders of the U.S.and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense,13 day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba.President John Kennedy notified Americans about the missiles,explained his decision to a naval blockade around Cuba.Many people feared the world was on the brink of nuclear war. However,U.S. agreed to Soviet leader Khrushchev’s offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba. -
Dolores Huerta
Co-founded the Stockton chapter of the Community Service Organization,led voter registration drives and fought for economic improvements for Hispanics.Founded the Agricultural Workers Association.Huerta and Chávez founded the National Farm Workers Association,the predecessor of the United Farm Workers’ Union. Huerta served as UFW vice president.Huerta received the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award in 1998 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012.Also has the Dolores Huerta Foundation. -
Jack Ruby
Ruby was a small-time operator in the world of nightclubs and gambling in Dallas.On November 24,Oswald was being transferred from the city jail to the county jail, Ruby stepped out of a crowd and gunned down Oswald.The event was witnessed by millions of Americans on live television.Ruby was convicted of murder in 1964.He claimed he had acted out of grief and denied any involvement in a conspiracy.In 1966 Ruby’s conviction was overturned; however,while waiting for a new trial, he died of cancer. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald joined the U.S. Marines and later defected to the Soviet Union for a period of time. He returned to America with a family, and eventually acquired firearms. Oswald allegedly assassinated President John. F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. While being taken to county jail, on November 24, 1963, Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby. -
Warren Commission
Week after President John F. Kennedy was assassination.Lyndon Johnson established a commission to investigate Kennedy’s death.The commission led by Chief Justice Earl Warren concluded that gunman Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone assassination of Kennedy and there was no one else was involved.Despite seemingly firm conclusions, the report proved controversial and failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event. Subsequent investigations have both supported and called into question.. -
Barry Goldwater
He was elected to the Phoenix city council in 1949, and in 1952 he narrowly won election to the U.S. Senate.He fought a determined campaign against the president,Lyndon B. Johnson. Goldwater was defeated in the election they carried only Arizona and five states in the Deep South.1968 Goldwater was reelected to the Senate and was reelected thereafter until he retired in 1987.He led the delegation of senior Republican politicians persuaded President Richard M. Nixon to resign from office. -
Daisy Girl Ad
A controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign.Though only aired once.It's considered to be an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made. -
Anti-War Movement
Movement against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began small peace activists and leftist intellectuals on college campuses but gained national prominence in 1965,after the United States began bombing North Vietnam.Anti-war marches and other protests,such as the ones organized by Students for a Democratic Society,attracted a widening base of support over the next three years, peaking after successful Tet Offensive by North Vietnamese troops proved that war’s end was nowhere in sight. -
Counter Culture
Responded to features of America’s society by making alternative cultures that emphasized authenticity,individualism,and community.Counterculture got influenced from the Beatniks.This was located in Urban areas and college towns,communes and myriad counter institutions.Drugs surrounded counterculture and influenced style in countless ways: acid rock,tie dye,long hair,clothes,and slang,and sexual mores loosened.In many counterculture communities,gender roles mirrored those of mainstream society. -
My Lai Massacre
One of the most horrific incidents of violence committed against unarmed civilians during the Vietnam War.American soldiers brutally killed most people women,children and old men in the village of My Lai more than 500 people were slaughtered in the massacre, including young girls and women who were raped and mutilated before being killed. U.S. Army officers covered up the massacre for a year before it was reported in the American press, sparking a firestorm of international outrage. -
Death of MLK
Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee,on April 4, 1968, an event that sent shock around the world.King had led the civil rights movement in the mid-1950s, using a combination of impassioned speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation.His assassination led to an outpouring of anger among black Americans, as well as a period of national mourning that helped speed the way for an equal housing bill that would be the last significant legislative achievement of the civil rights era. -
Stonewall Riots
New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn,gay club located in Greenwich Village,NYC.The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park.The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
President Richard Nixon named Warren Burger chief justice of the Supreme Court. He didn't fulfill Nixon's desire to reverse Warren Court decisions. Burger's court upheld the 1966 Miranda decision, and Burger voted with the majority in the court's landmark 1973 decision, Roe v. Wade, establishing women's constitutional right to have abortions. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988. He was the 15th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. -
Period: to
1970s
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Title IX
To prohibit against discrimination on the basis of gender in the United States. Men and Women should be treated equally under any education program or activity receiving Federal Financial Assistance. In sports Title IX requires men and women to be provided equal opportunities to participate.Scholarships Title IX requires that female and male student-athletes receive athletics scholarship dollars proportional to their participation. -
Watergate
Several burglars were arrested at office of the Democratic National Committee,in Watergate complex of buildings.The prowlers were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign,they had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents.Nixon took aggressive steps to cover up the crime afterwards after his role in the conspiracy was revealed, Nixon resigned.The Watergate scandal led many Americans to question their leaders and think more critically about the presidency. -
Phyllis Schlafly
American writer and political activist who was best known for her opposition to the women’s movement and especially the Equal Rights Amendment.She helped found the Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation to instruct Catholics about the dangers of communism.In the 21st century she continued to influence the conservative movement with a nationally syndicated newspaper column,a weekly radio show,and numerous television appearances.Among her other publications are five books about strategic defense policy. -
Roe v. Wade
Protesters are for legalized abortions. Many states outlawed abortion. Norma McCorvey sued Texas for right to privacy. She went under the name Jane Roe. Norma had a baby before the case but, she gave it up for adoption. The Supreme Court of Justice ruled it as unconstitutional. There was an agreement that women can't be criminalized during the 1st trimester. -
Endangered Species Act
President Nixon declared preventing the extinction of species and comprehensive endangered species legislation it was signed into law.Expressed many of our nation's plants and animals were in danger of becoming extinct.Runned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department's National Marine Fisheries Service. Is primary responsibility for terrestrial and freshwater organisms, while the responsibilities of NMFS are mainly marine wildlife such as whales and fish such as salmon. -
Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation consist of Conservative ideas such as, a public policy that promotes the principles that made America great: free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense. -
Camp David Accords
At the White House in Washington, D.C., Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Signed the Camp David Accords, laying the groundwork for a permanent peace agreement between Egypt and Israel after three decades of hostilities. The accords were negotiated at President Jimmy Carter’s Camp David retreat. The final peace agreement the first between Israel and one of its Arab neighbors was signed in March 1979. -
The Moral Majority
Founded by Jerry Falwell, a religious leader and televangelist, to advance conservative social values. Formed in response to the social and cultural transformations that occurred in the United States in the 1960s and ’70s. Christian fundamentalists were alarmed by a number of developments that, in their view, threatened to undermine the country’s traditional moral values. Although it disbanded in 1989, the Moral Majority helped to establish the religious right as a force in American politics. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
Group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than 60 American hostages.President Jimmy Carter’s decision to allow Iran’s deposed Shah.Student revolutionaries break Iran’s past and end American interference in its affairs.It raise the international profile of the revolution’s leader, the anti-American Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.The students set the hostages free 444 days after crisis began and just hours after President Ronald Reagan delivered his inaugural address. -
Jimmy Carter
39th president of the U.S.,struggled to respond threatening challenges.He reopened U.S. relations with China and headway efforts to broker peace in the historic Arab-Israeli conflict,but was damaged late in his term by a hostage crisis in Iran.That dropped his popularity, and he was defeated in the general election by Ronald Reagan.Over the next decades,he built a distinguished career as a diplomat, humanitarian and author, pursuing conflict resolution in countries around the globe. -
Rap Music
At first rap gained popularity in the 70s.But it wasn’t until 1979,Sugarhill Gang released their breakaway hit, ‘Rapper’s Delight, that record producers took notice of this emerging musical genre and rap’s audience began to swell. It wasn’t just African American male rappers getting in on the act, either: By the 1980s, white rap bands such as the Beastie Boys and female rap bands such as Salt-n-Pepa were reaching the top of the charts.Rap matured from an old-school style to a new-school-style. -
Black Entertainment Television (BET)
Cable network based in Washington, D.C.Leading provider of black American cultural and entertainment based programming.Founder, Robert L. Johnson.Created BET to reach audience.early entertainment consisted of music videos,reruns of old black.Began to diversify its programming, adding politically-oriented news programs,comedy shows,talk shows and sports features.BET Awards program that celebrates the achievements of African Americans in music,acting,sports and other fields of entertainment. -
Period: to
1980s
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Sandra Day O' Connor
Associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006, was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court.A moderate conservative,dispassionate and meticulously researched opinions. O’Connor was a pioneering force on the Supreme Court and will always be remembered as acting as a sturdy guiding hand in the court’s decisions during those years and serving a swing vote in many important cases.In 2009 President Obama who honored her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. -
Music Television (MTV)
MTV debuted the broadcast of “Video Killed the Radio Star” by the Buggles.Introduced videos and bantered about music news between clips.MTV expanded its programming to include rhythm and blues artists,and the network took off.Music video format but proved that exposure on MTV could propel artists to super stardom.MTV also gave renewed life to veteran performers biggest hits of their careers.MTV had produced a noticeable effect on motion pictures,commercials,and television. -
Ronald Reagan
Former actor and California governor, served as the 40th U.S. president.He became a Hollywood actor and later served as the Republican governor of California.The Great Communicator, the affable Reagan became a popular two-term president.He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War.Reagan, who survived an assassination attempt, he died after battling Alzheimer’s disease. -
Reagan Doctrine
Served as the foundation for the Reagan administration’s support of freedom fighters around the globe.the Reagan administration laid the foundation for its program of military assistance to “freedom fighters.” In action, this policy translated into covertly supporting the Contras in their attacks on the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua; the Afghan rebels in their fight against the Soviet occupiers; and anticommunist Angolan forces embroiled in that nation’s civil war. -
Challenger Explosion
The NASA space shuttle Challenger exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft’s 10th mission. The disaster claimed the lives of all seven astronauts aboard.It was later determined that two rubber O-rings,had been designed to separate the sections of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch.The tragedy and its aftermath received extensive media coverage and prompted NASA to temporarily suspend all shuttle missions. -
Robert Johnson
He became the first modern bluesman, evolving the country blues of the Mississippi Delta. Johnson was a songwriter of searing depth and a guitar player with a commanding ability that inspired no less an admirer than Keith Richard.His life came to a premature end when he was poisoned by the jealous husband of a woman he began seeing during a stint at the Three Forks juke joint in Greenwood, Mississippi.Johnson died three nights later at the home of a friend. -
Satellite Entertainment
Dishes took off in the very early 1980s.Consumers seemed to be purchasing those 10- to 16-foot as fast as they could be manufactured.This pick up anything that was beamed on the then-dozen or so satellites in the skies and it was free. They got channels and enjoyed without worrying about a monthly cable bill.It got more advanced later more towards the 1990s. -
Iran Contra Affair
A secret U.S. government arms deal that freed some American hostages held in Lebanon but also funded armed conflict in Central America.In addition, the controversial deal making and the ensuing political scandal threatened to bring down the presidency of Ronald Reagan. -
George H.W. Bush
41st U.S. president.He was a two-term U.S. vice president under Ronald Reagan.Bush, a World War II naval aviator and Texas oil industry executive, began his political career in the U.S. House of Representatives.He held a variety of government posts, including CIA director.In office,he launched successful military operations against Panama and Iraq; however, his popularity at home was marred by an economic recession, and in 1992 he lost his bid for re-election to Bill Clinton. -
Lionel Sosa
Independent marketing consultant and nationally recognized portrait artist. He is the founder of Sosa, Bromley, Aguilar & Associates, which became the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the U.S. Sosa is an acknowledged expert in Hispanic consumer and voter behavior and was named “One of the 25 most influential Hispanics in America” by Time Magazine.He has served on the teams of eight national Republican presidential campaigns. -
Period: to
1990s
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Rodney King Incident
Four Los Angeles policemen were acquitted of beating of Rodney King.Caught on camera by a bystander, graphic video of the attack was broadcast into homes across the nation and worldwide.The officers they kicked him repeatedly and beat him with batons for a reported 15 minutes.King's injuries resulted in skull fractures,broken bones and teeth,and permanent brain damage.Four officers were charged with excessive use of force.A year later,a jury found the four officers not guilty. -
Ross Perot
One of the most successful third-party candidates in American history.He formed his own company, Electronic Data Systems, which he sold to General Motors for $2.5 billion.In 1992, Perot ran as an independent candidate for the U.S. presidency, winning nearly 19 percent of the popular vote. He ran again in 1996. The Reform Party, which he founded in 1995, gradually established its autonomy from him. Perot has authored several books and autobiography in the 2000's and 2010's -
Bill clinton
42nd U.S. president.Prior to that,he was governor of Arkansas.America enjoyed an era of peace and prosperity, marked by low unemployment, declining crime rates and a budget surplus. Clinton appointed a number of women and minorities to top government posts.1998, the House of Representatives impeached Clinton on charges related to a sexual relationship he had with a White House intern.He was acquitted by the Senate.Following his presidency, Clinton remained active in public life. -
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Clinton was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2001,she became the first American first lady to ever win a public office seat. She later became the 67th U.S. secretary of state in 2009 because Obama nominated her and she serving until 2013.In 2016, she became the first woman in U.S. history to become the presidential nominee of a major political party.Clinton used her position to make women's rights and human rights.She became one of the most traveled secretaries of state in American history. -
World Trade Center Attack 1993
Terrorists drove a rental van into a parking garage under the World Trade Center’s twin towers and lit the fuses on a homemade bomb stuffed inside. Six people died and more than 1,000 were injured in the massive explosion, which carved out a crater several stories deep and propelled smoke into the upper reaches of the skyscrapers. At the time, it was one of the worst terrorist attacks ever to occur on U.S. soil.Federal jury convicted the bombers sentenced to life behind bars. -
Oprah Winfrey
Billionaire and philanthropist Oprah Winfrey is best known for hosting her own internationally popular talk show. From there, she launched her own television network, OWN.Winfrey's open, warm-hearted personal style had taken her show from last place to first in the ratings.Winfrey is in the forefront of the media industry and as one of the most powerful and wealthy people in show business.Winfrey received highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama. -
Lewinsky Affair
America was rocked by a political sex scandal involving President Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky.The two began a sexual relationship.Lewinsky told a coworker about her affair with the president.Who secretly tape some of the conversations with Lewinsky.His affair became public, Clinton denied the relationship before later admitting to the affair with Lewinsky.The House of Representatives impeached the president for perjury and obstruction of justice,but he was acquitted by the Senate. -
Al Gore
Gore opposed the Vietnam War, but did civic duty in the U.S. Army he was assigned military journalist writing.He also became the first person to appear on C-SPAN.Gore successfully ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate.Gore pushed the High Performance Computer and Communication Act of 1991.Served as vice president of the United States under President Bill Clinton.He lost a presidential bid to George W. Bush in 2000.2007,Gore won a Nobel Prize for his work to raise awareness of global warming. -
Ralph Nader
Symbol of the public's concern business practices of large corporations.He inspired investigations to improve the operations of industries and government bureaus.Nader then began a series of studies aimed at improving responsible industrial production.Safety in mines and control of oil and gas pipes that were dangerous to people and the environment.Founded his Center for the Study of Responsive Law.He ran for president in Green Party.Democrats criticized him for taking votes away from Gore. -
Period: to
Contemporary
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George W. Bush
43rd president.Before entering the White House,Bush was a two-term Republican governor of Texas.Bush worked in the Texas oil industry and was an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team before becoming governor.He won the presidency after narrowly defeating Democratic challenger Al Gore.September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against America.In response he declared a global “war on terrorism,” established the Department of Homeland Security and authorized U.S. led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. -
9/11 Attacks
On September 11, 2001,militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes.Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Almost 3,000 people were killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks,which triggered major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defined the presidency of George W. Bush. -
2nd Iraq War
United States initiates war on Iraq.U.S. President George W. Bush announced in a televised address.Saddam Hussein went into hiding soon after the American invasion.U.S. soldiers found Saddam Hussein hiding in a deep hole,nine miles outside his hometown of Tikrit.Hussein was arrested and began trial for crimes against his people,including mass killings.Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging.After an unsuccessful appeal,he was executed in 2006. -
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States.When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 it stretched 400 miles across.The storm itself did a great deal of damage, but aftermath was catastrophic.Many people said that the federal government was slow to meet the needs of the people affected by the storm.Hundreds of thousands of people in Louisiana,Mississippi and Alabama were displaced from their homes,and experts estimate that Katrina caused more than $100 billion in damage. -
Barack Obama
Senator Barack Obama of Illinois was elected president of the United States over Senator John McCain of Arizona. A crushing financial crisis cam during the election.Obama became the 44th president, and the first African American to be elected to that office. He was elected to a second term over former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney.He made history again by expand opportunities,advance equality and justice for all LGBT Americans.Obama has fought to promote the equal rights of all Americans -
John McCain
First entered the public spotlight as a Navy fighter pilot during the Vietnam War. Taken prisoner after his plane was shot down, he suffered five and a half years of torture and confinement before his release in 1973.1986, he began his long tenure as the U.S. senator from Arizona, a position he holds to this day. McCain ran for president on the Republican ticket in 2008, losing to Democrat Barack Obama in the general election. -
Sonia Sotomayor
President George H.W. Bush nominated her for the position confirmed unanimously by the Senate.When she joined the court, she was its youngest judge.She was nominated for the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals by President Bill Clinton.She was confirmed by the Senate.President Barack Obama announced his nomination of Sotomayor for Supreme Court justice. The nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate making Sotomayor the first Latina Supreme Court justice in U.S. history. -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Pass by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama,designed U.S. economy by saving jobs jeopardized by the Great Recession of 2008–09 and creating new jobs.2007 the U.S. economy slipped into recession particularly by the decline in the housing market and the subprime mortgage crisis and worsened by the collapse of the global financial services.Obama’s first major legislative effort was to enact a recovery program that would stimulate the economy by creating millions of jobs.
