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Anton Bruckner is born
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Giacomo Puccini is born
Later in life composed in post-Romantic verismo style. -
Gustav Mahler is born
Made important expansions to symphonies and Lieder, considered the heir to Mozart and Beethoven -
Claude Debussy is born
Most important French composer of the early 20th century -
Richard Strauss is born
Famous for tone poems and operas. -
Arnold Schoenberg is born
Created serialism and the 12-tone row. -
Maurice Ravel is born
A French Impressionist composer, credited with writing the first Impressionist piano piece -
Telephone is invented
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell -
Igor Stravinsky is born
Overall style was harsh, rhythmically complex, ostinati -
Automobile is invented
Invented by Karl Benz -
The Eiffel Tower is completed
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Period: to
Impressionism
Includes composers such as Debussy, Delius, and Respighi -
Period: to
Maximalism
Includes composers such as Mahler and Strauss. -
The Nutcracker is performed
Composed by Tchaikovsky, premiered in St. Petersburg, Russia -
Prélude a “L’apres-midi d’un faune”
“Prelude to ‘The Afternoon of a Faun’” (1894) composed by Debussy -
Radio is invented
Guglielmo Marconi -
Anton Bruckner dies
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Fin de siècle
The end of the 19th century -
Expressionism 1910s+
Includes composers such as Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern -
Gustav Mahler dies
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The Rite of Spring is premiered
Composed by Stravinsky, it is a 2-part ballet. Stravinsky’s description: “a solemn pagan rite: sage elders, seated in a circle, watching a young girl dance herself to death.” -
Period: to
World War 1
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Period: to
Dadaism
An art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. -
Les Six is formed
Includes Jean Cocteau, Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Germaine Tailleferre, Francis Poulenc, Louis Durey -
Jazz style begins
Known in Europe by 1919 -
Claude Debussy dies
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12 Tone Method (serialism)
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Period: to
Neoclassicism
Drew inspiration from 18th century, a reaction against Romanticism -
Die glückliche Hand is performed
Composed by Schoenberg, atonal -
Giacomo Puccini dies
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Maurice Ravel dies
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Arnold Schoenberg dies