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Spain back down
Spain readied for an invasion in case of a Prussia victory, but Napoleon's rout the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstaedt caused Spain to back down. Napoleon was fully aware of the disastrous state of Spain's economy and administration an its political fragility, and felt it had little value as an ally. -
The peninsular War
Started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808. -
Napoleon turned on Spain
He turned on Spain during the Peninsular War, forcing the abdication of the Spanish king and replacing him with Napoleon's brother Joseph. -
Mutiny of Aranjuez and the abdication of Charles IV
French troops on Spanish soil was extremely unpopular in Spain, resulting in the Mutiny of Aranjuez and the abdication of Charles IV of Spain in March 1808. -
"Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies"
Creation of "Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies" on September 25, 1808. These "kingdoms" were defined as "the viceroyalties". -
D: Father Hidalgo
Father Hidalgo was a criollo remembered as the father of the movement that pushed Mexico towards independence. -
Disolution of the Supreme Junta
Disolution of the Supreme Junta on January 29, 1810, because of the reverses suffered after the Battle of Ocaña. Creation of local juntas to preserve the region's independence from the French. -
Creation of juntas in Spanish America
Creation of juntas in Spanish America on April 19, 1810, the juntas claimed to carry out their actions in the name of the deposed king, Ferdinand VII. -
D: Independence
Father Hidalgo rang the town's church bells to call the people to mass for the independence. (the grito de Dolores) -
D: Virgin of Guadalupe
Hidlgo gained further support for the rebellion by choosing the Virgin of Guadalupe as a symbol for the cause. -
D: Decapitated Hidalgo
Hidalgo was captured and found guilty of treason, in front of a firing squad, he was decapitated. -
The Spanish Constitution of 1812
The Spanish Constitution of 1812, basis for independence in New Spain (Mexico) and Central America, elections were held, local governments formed, and deputies sent to the Cortes. -
Spanish Constitution of 1812
Established by de Cádiz Cortes, Spain´s first national sovereign assembly. It established the principles of universal male suffrage, constitutional monarchy, and freedom of the press. -
War on the Peninsula
The war on the Peninsula lasted until Sixth Coallition defeated Napoleon in 1814. -
Peace Negotiations
In January 1821, Iturbide began peace negotiations with Guerrero. -
D: Plan de Iguala
Iturbide met with Vicente Guerrero, to the new leader of the rebellion and Iturbide´s former enemy planned a coup d'état , together, Guerrero and Iturbide created the Plan de Iguala. -
D: Plan de Iguala II part
The Plan of Iguala be equal treatment under the law for both peninsulares and criollos, Catholicism would be the official religion be a moderate monarchy. The three parts of the plan were known as union, religion and independencee, Guarantees. The Three Guarantees were represented in the flag, the red represents aka the blood, white purity and Catholisism and the color green the independence. -
D: Iturbide be the one to lead Mexico
Iturbide would thus be the one to lead Mexico to independence fron Spain in 1821. -
Impact: Iturbide Takes Power
Iturbide elevate himself to the position of emperor of Mexico, he made himself Generalísmo de Tierra y mar and gave himself a large salary. Iturbide's reign would not last long as he created and inherited many problen tha Mexico faced. -
Impact: Iturbide´s Issues
The independence movement had left Mexico in a bit of chaos. The silver mining was destroyed. Capital were investing their money outside of Mexico rather than reinvesting it into their own country. Agricultural production has decreased causing food prices to rise. Iturbide was criticized for nepotism. He awrded noble titles to his family and even made the birthdays of somo of his family members national holidays. -
Plan of Iguala
The simple terms that Iturbide proposed became the basis of the Plan of Iguala: the independence of New Spain (now called Mexican Empire) with Ferdinand VII or another Bourbon as emperor, the retention of the Catholic Church as the official state religion and the protection of its existing priviliges; and the equality of all New Spaniard, whether immigrants or native-born. -
Impact:The end of Iturbide's reign
A man who became a major player in Mexican politicss for the next several decades, Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón. The Plan Veracruz, In wich Mexico was turned into republic. Iturbide would be arrested for treason and met his demise on fron of mexican squan id 1824. -
Secon Treaty of San Idelfonso
Spain been allied whit France against United Kingdom since the Secon Treaty of San Idelfonso in 1976.