Policy Timeline: School Choice in the U.S.

  • Invention of concept

    Economist Milton Friedman proposes school vouchers as a means to improve schools through the fair market.
  • Stanley Plan takes effect

    Virginia takes advantage of school vouches to improve schools for white children, exacerbating issues of inequity and de facto segregation
  • Stanley Plan Outlawed

    The practice of using school vouchers in Virginia and other states is outlawed in a court case (Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County).
  • Re-initiation of school vouchers

    School vouchers initiated in Milwaukee, MN.
  • First Charter School

    The first charter school opens: a high school in St. Paul, MN.
  • Founding of EdChoice

    Milton and Rose Friedman found EdChoice in response to "dismal" results in American public schools.
  • School Vouchers deemed Constitutional

    A court case (Zelman v. Simmons-Harris) established that school vouchers could be used to pay for education in sectarian schools. States are free to offer voucher programs.
  • Early Expansion of School Choice

    D.C., Iowa, and N.J. offer scholarships and charter school opportunities for some children who are eligible (in poverty or a poorly performing school).
  • Partisan Issue

    School choice becomes political. Democratic support wanes, while Republican support continues to expand. Seven Republicans who support school choice win governorship.
  • Majority popular Support

    A poll determines that 60% of American voters believe tax credits support parents, while 26% feel that tax credits support religion/religious schools.
  • Georgia Joins In

    GOAL passes in Georgia, allowing for tax credits and furthering school choice policy.
  • Louisiana Leads the Way

    By 2014, New Orleans has enrolled 93% of its students in charter schools.
  • Teachers Strike

    Teachers in West Virginia fight charter expansion, launching strikes twice.
  • Further Legal Rulings Support School Choice

    Court cases result in Supreme Court rulings that states can not restrict voucher programs for religious schools or secular private schools.
  • Significant Support beyond Party Lines

    A poll finds that 72% of US school parents favor vouchers and charter schools in the United States.
  • Pandemic-fueled growth

    Widespread dissatisfaction with the handling of Covid-19 leads to 7% increase in private and charter school growth.
  • SSO expansion in Georgia

    Tax credit programs supported by legislation in GA under Governor Brian Kemp allow couples filing jointly to earmark up to $5000/year for specific schools of their choice.