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Period: 1500 BCE to
Early Cities
Planning Rationale: power, religion, and security. Often resource, defense, or religiously focused. -
1350 BCE
Akhenaten - Egypt
Religious focus -
100
Roman City Barcino (Barcelona)
Defense focused -
Ahupua'a - Hawaii
Resource focused -
Period: to
Urbanization
Planning Rationale: emphasized rapid city growth around factories and mass labor -
Liverpool Docks
Trade and commerce focused -
Manchester
Industrial focus with no regard for environment -
Period: to
Birth of Modern Planning - Early Zoning & Progressive Era
Planning Rationale: Social improvement via aesthetics and land-use control -
McMillan Plan
Sought to improve the appearance of D.C. -
Coral Gables - Miami
Master-planned community during City Beautiful Movement -
Period: to
Post Depression Movement
Planning Rationale: Economic recovery & rethinking housing infrastructure -
New York Public Housing
Massive unemployment sparked government interventions like public housing -
Period: to
Post-WWII Suburbanization
Planning Rationale: Rapid growth in suburban life and vehicle access -
Los Angeles State Highways
Highways and Freeways became prevalent in planning -
South Carolina Suburbs
The suburban sprawl is in full force -
Environmental Concerns Addressed
Government policies like NEPA Act and Clean Air Act are implemented. Impacts -
Period: to
Contemporary Planning
Planning Rationale: Public participation! Balancing economic development while addressing environmental concerns. -
Public participation
Community input is increasingly valued, HOA reform, and emphasis on social equity -
Period: to
Smart Growth and Sustainability
Planning Rationale: Social equity, environmental concerns, & sustainability -
New York Rooftop Garden
Reshaping and rethinking urban spaces -
Middletown, DE
Greater emphasis on mixed-use planning